In this research, a novel method was developed to improve the super-hydrophobic stability of cotton fabrics without affecting the washing ability. The cotton fabrics were treated with hybrid photoreactive silica nanoparticles (denoted as silica-N 3 ) and hexadecyltrimethoxysilane under ultraviolet light. Silica nanoparticles were synthesized by grafting an azido group onto silica and confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Untreated and treated cotton fabrics were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Wettability was investigated by water contact angle (WCA) and water shedding angle (WSA). Moreover, the super-hydrophobic durability of coated cotton fabrics was evaluated by washing tests. The results showed that the treated cotton fabrics exhibited excellent chemical stability and outstanding non-wettability with a WCA of 154.9 for a 5 mL water droplet and a WSA of 8.7 for a 15 mL water droplet. In addition, the super-hydrophobic cotton fabric showed excellent washing durability. After 30 cycles, the contact angle was still larger than 135 .Super-hydrophobic surfaces have been widely used in different areas due to their excellent water-repellent and self-cleaning properties. In nature, there are various kinds of highly super-hydrophobic surfaces, such as lotus leaves, butterfly wings, water striders and duck feathers. 1-4 Super-hydrophobic surfaces have both a water contact angle (WCA) greater than 150 and water shedding angle (WSA) less than 10 , on which a water droplet, almost a sphere, can easily rolls off. 5,6 Many studies have demonstrated that the super-hydrophobicity arises from the combination of hierarchical micro-and nano-structures of the surface and low surface energy. 7-11 Based on the principle, the design and fabrication of super-hydrophobic surfaces have been conducted by different methods, such as layer-by-layer self-assembly, 12 sol-gel, 13,14 electrospinning, 15 chemical vapor deposition 16 and electrochemical reaction. 17 Actually, the sol-gel technique can be widely applied to fabricate super-hydrophobic surfaces because of its extraordinary advantages. For instance, attempts have been made to develop super-hydrophobic surfaces from
A robust superhydrophobic organosilica sol-gel-based coating on a cotton fabric substrate was successfully fabricated via a cost-effective one-step method. The coating was prepared by modification of silica nanoparticles with siloxane having long alkyl chain that allow to reduce surface energy. The coating on cotton fabric exhibited water contact angle of 151.6. The surface morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, and surface chemical composition was measured with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Results showed the enhanced superhydrophobicity that was attributed to the synergistic effect of roughness created by the random distribution of silica nanoparticles and the low surface energy imparted of longchain alkane siloxane. In addition, the coating also showed excellent durability against washing treatments. Even after washed for 30 times, the specimen still had a water contact angle of 130 , indicating an obvious water-repellent property. With this outstanding property, the robust superhydrophobic coating exhibited a prospective application in textiles and plastics.
An analysis method based on multi-instruments analysis technique coupled solvent extraction to determine compositions of unknown cosmetic were established. The multi-instruments involve high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The cosmetic sample was separated and enriched into 4 fractions by the solvent extraction. The compounds were defined as mercuric ammonium chloride, liquid paraffin, etc.
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