Circovirus is the smallest virus to cause immune suppression in pigs. The capsid protein (Cap) is the only viral structural protein that is closely related to viral infection.
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) belongs to the gamma-coronavirus genus of Coronaviridae and causes serious infectious diseases in the poultry industry. However, only a few IBV strains can infect avian passage cell lines, seriously hindering the progress of basic research on IBV pathogenesis. Whereas IBV field strains can replicate in tracheal ring organ culture (TOC) without any previous adaptation in chicken embryos or primary cells. In this study, to investigate the potential use of TOC as an in vitro infection model for the study of IBV-host interaction, we first established a chicken embryo TOC culture system and carried out an investigation on the IBV replication kinetics in the system. We found that the selected strains of the IBV GI-1, GI-7, GI-13, GI-19, and GI-22 genotypes could successfully replicate in TOC and bring about damage to the infected trachea. Next, we identified host proteins of the chicken embryo trachea that interact with the IBV S1 protein by immunoprecipitation and protein mass spectrometry. A total of 127 candidate proteins were initially identified with major involvement in cell adhesion pathways and apoptosis- and autophagy-related pathways. The heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) was selected for further investigation in the interaction with IBV viral proteins. Our results showed that HSP70 interacted with IBV S1 in both TOC and CEK cells, whereas HSP70 overexpression inhibited viral replication. This study indicates that TOC is a good system for the elucidation of IBV-host interactions and HSP70 is a potential host antiviral factor.
In order to study the dynamic behaviors of heat and mass transfer between accumulator and mechanically pumped two–phase loop (MPTL) system, a transient numerical model is developed by using thetime–dependent Navier–Stokes equations. By comparison between simulation and test results, it is found that the error of numerical model is in the range of ±10%, which verifies the validityand accuracy of the model. Simulation results show that the accumulator will exchange fluid with the main loop in responseto heat load variations. In this case, the temperature and pressure of two phase fluid in accumulator, and the total system flow resistance will be affected. The rate of mass transferbetween accumulator and main loop will increase along with the charge amount of working fluid, and also for the variation trend of temperature and pressure of two phase fluid in the accumulator. The model can be used to study the operating state, flow and heat characteristics of MPTL system.
In this paper, one aerospace centrifugal pump with flowrates of 1~2g/s was developed which was applicable to the mechanically pumed two phase loop (MPTL) system. Moreover, an experimental test platform was built to test and verify the performances of pump. Besides, the environmental adaptation tests of the designed pump were verified. Results show that: 1) the flow rate and lift of the pump at the rated working point are 2.043g/s and 0.0517MPa, while the input power is only 9.92W. These can meet requirements of the design indexes. 2) The input power is only 4.71W under the two-phase operation state and this pump can transfer the heat of 240W, and the pump shows a very high energy efficiency ratio (EER). 3) The lift of designed pump is constant at specified rotation speed and it can assure the temperature stability of MPTL system. 4) This pump can meet the requirements of services in vibration, vacuum and thermal cycling environments.
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