The uncontrolled growth of Li dendrites upon cycling might result in low coulombic efficiency and severe safety hazards.Herein, alithiophilic binary lithium-aluminum alloyl ayer,w hich was generated through an in situ electrochemical process,was utilized to guide the uniform metallic Li nucleation and growth, free from the formation of dendrites. Moreover,t he formed LiAl alloy layer can function as aL i reservoir to compensate the irreversible Li loss,enabling longterm stability.T he protected Li electrode shows superior cycling over 1700 hinaLi j Li symmetric cell.

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have emerged as promising energy storage devices due to their high theoretical specific energy densities; their practical applications, however, have been restricted due to their poor cycling...

Lithium (Li) is a promising battery anode because of its high theoretical capacity and low reduction potential, but safety hazards that arise from its continuous dendrite growth and huge volume changes limit its practical applications. Li can be hosted in a framework material to address these key issues, but methods to encage Li inside scaffolds remain challenging. The melt infusion of molten Li into substrates has attracted enormous attention in both academia and industry because it provides an industrially adoptable technology capable of fabricating composite Li anodes. In this review, the wetting mechanism driving the spread of liquefied Li toward a substrate is discussed. Following this, various strategies are proposed to engineer stable Li metal composite anodes that are suitable for liquid and solid-state electrolytes. A general conclusion and a perspective on the current limitations and possible future research directions for constructing composite Li anodes for high-energy lithium metal batteries are presented.

Rechargeable Li metal batteries are one of the most attractive energy storage systems due to their high energy density. However, the hostless nature of Li, the excessive dendritic growth, and the accumulation of nonactive Li induce severe volume variation of Li anodes. The volume variation can give rise to a fracture of solid electrolyte interphase, continuous consumption of Li and electrolytes, low Coulombic efficiency, fast performance degradation, and finally short cycle life. This Outlook provides a comprehensive understanding of the origin and consequences of Li volume variation. Recent strategies to address this challenge are reviewed from liquid to gel to solid-state electrolyte systems. In the end, guidelines for structural design and fabrication suggestions for future long-life Li composite anodes are presented.