Increasing evidence indicates a possible causal link between neuroinflammation and neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), and stroke. A putative mechanism underlying such a link can be explained by ferroptosis. Current studies have shown that disturbances of iron homeostasis, glutamate excitatory toxicity, lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS), and other manifestations related to ferroptosis can be detected in several neurological disorders caused by neuroinflammation. To date, compelling evidence indicates that damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules (e.g., ROS) produced in the process of ferroptosis activate glial cells by activating neuroimmune pathways and then produce a series of inflammatory factors which contribute to neurological disorders. Our review article provides a current view of the involvement of ferroptosis or ROS in the pathological process of neuroinflammation, the effects of neuroinflammation mediated by ferroptosis in neurological disorders, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying ferroptosis participates in neuroinflammation, and the potential treatments for neurological disorders. In addition, further research on the mechanisms of ferroptosis as well as the link between ferroptosis and neuroinflammation will help provide new targets for treatment.

We design a reflective silver dendritic metasurface that can perform differential operation at visible wavelengths. The metasurface consists of an upper layer of silver dendritic structures, a silica spacer, and a lower layer of silver film. Simulation results show that the metasurface can realize differential operation in red, yellow, and green bands. Such a functionality is readily extended to infrared and communication wavelengths. The metasurface samples that respond to green and red bands are prepared by using the electrochemical deposition method, and their differential operation properties are proved through tests. Silver dendritic metasurfaces that can conduct the mathematical operation in visible light pave the way for realizing miniaturized, integratable all-optical information processing systems. Their differentiation functionality, which is used for real-time ultra-fast edge detection, image contrast enhancement, hidden object detection, and other practical applications, has a great development potential.

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Optical metamaterials give birth to the control and regulation of light. However, because of strong energy dissipation and fabrication difficulty in meta-atoms, low-loss isotropic three dimensional negative index metamaterials (NIMs) in the visible spectrum has long been regarded as an extremely challenging. Here, we report an ultralow loss isotropic metamaterials for visible light and its inverse Doppler effect. The ball-thorn-shaped metaclusters with symmetrical structure consisting of the dielectric and its surface dispersed super-thin silver layer was proposed, the surface plasma resonance is formed by discrete silver layer with a thickness of two or three atomic layers. We invented a unique technique for preparing ultralow loss isotropic clusters and three-dimensional large block samples. The negative refractive index and the inverse Doppler effect of green and red light is measured by the prism method for the first time. The discrete super-thin silver layer produced by the photoreduction method greatly reduces the generation of loss and break through noble metal high energy losses of traditional optical frequency metamaterial, the metaclusters unfold bottleneck of the nano-assemble visible light metamaterials, opening a door for disorder assembling ultralow loss isotropic three-dimensional large block NIMs devices of arbitrary shape.

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3D metamaterials, has attracted considerable attention given its unique optical properties and produced many new phenomena and functionalities, such as plate focusing, [8] polarization conversion, [9] and mathematical operations. [10,11] The construction of these optical metasurfaces is generally a periodic arrangement of metal or dielectric micro-nanostructures. On the basis of the requirements, a plurality of the structural units with different geometric parameters (such as shape, size, and orientation) is arranged in an array to realize various kinds of abnormal optical responses. [12] However, few experimental reports are presented on periodic metasurfaces that respond in visible light. Cost remains high, large-area preparation remains challenging, and the deviation of the prepared structure is large, although tens of nanometer-sized structures can be prepared using complex electron beam-or ion beam-etching techniques, [13,14] thereby making periodic metasurfaces difficult to be extensively applied. The design requirement of periodic structures for the existing metasurfaces and top-down electron beam or ion beam etching technology, as well as the unidirectionality of optical response for the periodic metasurfaces, have become the bottlenecks that limit the rapid development of optical metasurfaces.Recently, researchers have used the Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) algorithm [15] to iterate a random-phase profile and obtain a disordered metasurface with a convergent-phase profile that manipulates the transmission of visible light and allows a farfield pattern to have isotropic scattering over a desired angular range. [16] To a certain extent, this method simplifies the preparation of optical metasurfaces. However, its structure must be prepared by electron beam lithography. Thus, this method does not completely solve the constraint that restrains the development of optical metasurfaces.Inspired by the idea of the GS algorithm, [15] we propose a quasiperiodic dendritic cluster set metasurface. In the simulation, the periodic metasurface tends toward the quasiperiodic metasurface by gradually changing the state of the dendritic structure in the periodic structural unit; in the bottom-up electrochemical deposition experiment, the disordered distribution of dendritic cluster sets tends toward the quasiperiodic distribution by continuously adjusting the preparation conditions. By gradually changing the theoretical model from a periodic structure to a quasiperiodic structure and the distribution of dendritic cluster sets in the sample from a disordered distribution Periodic metasurfaces have achieved various light manipulations. However, the preparation of those responding in visible waveband still encounters many constraints. Inspired by the idea of the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm, a quasiperiodic dendritic cluster set metasurface is proposed where the cluster is used as the unit instead of cell that is used as the unit in the periodic metasurface. By gradually changing the theoretical model from periodic to quasiperiodic str...

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