low toxicity, and excellent optical properties. [2] As another important type of optical probes, organic dyes process abundant species, bright emission, multicolor tuning, and selective sensing features, and act a significant role in chemical sensor and biological imaging. [3] The combination of ultrasmall AuNPs and organic dyes is of great significance, which can not only preserve intrinsic features of each component, but also render the exploration of new properties, opening a new perspective for designing materials with desired features and functions. [4] Since luminescent AuNPs are temperature responsive, they offer great potential applications in thermometers. [5] The previous efforts for constructing AuNP-based thermometers were focused on single-emission intensity readout, [6] which were usually susceptible to errors caused by the distribution and concentration of the probes as well as the fluctuation and efficiency of excitation. Up to now, a few successes were reported to achieve reversible ratiometric sensing of temperature with two reverse signal responses using AuNP and organic dye hybrid nanostructures, which could process self-calibrating readout and sensitive measurement.To develop hybrid nanostructures for ratiometric temperature sensing, the following challenges should be addressed: 1) increasing temperature always caused both the luminescence quenching of AuNP and organic dye as a result of thermal enhancement of the nonradiative decay; 2) the acute temperature fluctuation could destroy the hybrid nanostructures, and higher temperature would induce irreversible aggregation of ultrasmall AuNPs; 3) the spectral features matched between organic dye and ultrasmall AuNPs with similar excitation wavelength but distinct emission spectrum. Using template amphiphilic block copolymers, the hollow micelle formation has been exploited as a promising approach for efficient encapsulation of ultrasmall NPs or organic dyes. [6c,7] The elaborately selected temperature-sensitive amphiphilic block copolymers might cause the polarity-responsive fluorescent dye emission enhancement at high temperatures, providing possibility of Exploring hybrid nanomaterials with sensitive and reversible ratiometric temperature sensing is highly desirable but still challenging. Herein, using thermosensitive Pluronic F127 as a template, a facile and straightforward approach is presented for one-pot synthesis of dual-emitting nanohybrids of crosslinked gold nanoparticle (AuNP) and organic dye with unique core-shell structure and excellent stability, which can be utilized as an ultrasensitive and reversible ratiometric temperature sensor. The dualemitting nanohybrids are achieved through in situ self-assembly of redemitting AuNPs in the hydrophobic core, along with doping blue-emitting and polarity-responsive hydrophobic dye 4,4′-bis(2-benzoxazolyl) stilbene (BBS). The AuNP and BBS nanohybrids (AuNP-BBS nanohybrids) consist of about ten crosslinked ultrasmall AuNPs in the hydrophobic core. The crosslinking interaction between mult...
Carbon nanotube (CNT) films were grown on silicon wafers with and without a nickel layer (Si-CNT and Ni-CNT) via the pyrolysis of iron phthalocyanine. The nickel layer was prepared using the electroless plating method. To study the emission stability of Si-CNT and Ni-CNT cathodes during intense pulsed emission, emission characteristics were measured repeatedly with a diode structure using a Marx generator as a voltage source. For the peak values of the pulsed voltage, which were in the range between 1.62-1.66 MV (corresponding to electric field intensities between 11.57-11.85 V/μm), the first cycle emission current was 109.4 A for Si-CNT and 180.5 A for Ni-CNT. By comparing the normalized emission currents of the Si-CNT and Ni-CNT cathodes, the improvement in the emission stability can be easily quantified. The number of emission cycles necessary for the peak current to decay from 100% to 50% increased from ~3 for Si-CNT to ~11 for a Ni-CNT film.carbon nanotube, nickel layer, intense pulsed emission, improved emission stability, normalized current
We developed a new scheme to suppress the electric-field-screening effect in high growth density of a carbon nanotube (CNT) film during its intense pulsed emission. We synthesize the CNT film on a tridimensional surface (t-CNT film). The tridimensional surface includes wet etched silicon pyramids, and the Ni layer is electroless plated thereon. The intense pulsed emission characteristics of the t-CNT and planar-grown CNT (p-CNT) films were measured using a diode structure in single-pulse mode. The even turn-on field decreased from 5.5 V/µm for p-CNTs to 2.8 V/m for t-CNTs, and the peak emission current increased from 232 A for p-CNTs to 324 A for t-CNTs at a peak field intensity ~12.2 V/m. The peak current of the t-CNT film increased by ~39.7% over the p-CNT film. It is clear that the micro-pyramid array can effectively suppress the field screening effect to improve the electron-emission of CNT films.carbon nanotubes, micro-pyramid array, field-screening effect, intense pulsed emission, emission current
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