Conductive hydrogels are promising interface materials utilized in bioelectronics for human-machine interactions. However, the low-temperature induced freezing problem and water evaporation-induced structural failures have significantly hindered their practical applications. To address these problems, herein, an elaborately designed nanocomposite organohydrogel is fabricated by introducing highly conductive MXene nanosheets into a tannic acid-decorated cellulose nanofibrils/polyacrylamide hybrid gel network infiltrated with glycerol (Gly)/water binary solvent. Owing to the introduction of Gly, the as-prepared organohydrogel demonstrates an outstanding flexibility and electrical conductivity under a wide temperature spectrum (from −36 to 60 °C), and exhibits long-term stability in an open environment (>7 days). Additionally, the dynamic catechol-borate ester bonds, along with the readily formed hydrogen bonds between the water and Gly molecules, further endow the organohydrogel with excellent stretchability (≈1500% strain), high tissue adhesiveness, and self-healing properties. The favorable environmental stability and broad working strain range (≈500% strain); together with high sensitivity (gauge factor of 8.21) make this organohydrogel a promising candidate for both large and subtle motion monitoring.
Humidity
sensors have been widely used for humidity monitoring
in industrial fields, while the unsatisfactory flexibility, time consumption,
and expensive integration process of conventional inorganic sensors
significantly limit their application in wearable electronics. Using
paper-based humidity sensors is considered a feasible method to overcome
these drawbacks because of their good flexibility and roll-to-roll
manufacturability, while they still face problems such as poor durability
and low sensitivity. In this study, we report a high-performance paper-based
humidity sensor based on a rationally designed bilayered structure
consisting of a nanoporous cellulose nanofiber/carbon nanotube (CNF/CNT)
sensitive layer and a microporous paper substrate. The vast number
of hydrophilic hydroxyl groups on the surface of CNF and paper fibers
enables fast water molecule exchange between the humidity-sensitive
material and the external environment via hydrogen bonding, endowing
the paper-based sensor with an excellent humidity responsive property.
The obtained sensor displays a maximum response value of 65.0% (ΔI/I
0) at 95% relative humidity.
Furthermore, the mechanical interlocking structure formed between
the CNF/CNT layer and the paper layer provides the sensor with strong
interlayer adhesion. Benefiting from the unique structure, the sensor
also exhibits outstanding bending (with a maximum curvature of 22.2
cm–1) and folding durability (up to 50 times). Finally,
as a proof of concept, a simple humidity-measuring device is assembled,
which demonstrates an excellent responsive property toward human breath
and the change of air humidity, indicating a great potential of our
paper-based humidity sensor toward practical applications.
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