We report an additive-free, base-catalyzed C-, N-, O-, and S-Si bond cleavage of various organosilanes in mild conditions. The novel catalyst system exhibits high efficiency and good functional group compatibility, providing the corresponding products in good to excellent yields with low catalyst loadings. Overall, this transition-metal-free process may offer a convenient and general alternative to current employing excess bases, strong acids, or metal-catalyzed systems for the protodesilylation of organosilanes.
The
development of hydrogel–organogel bilayer films has
greatly promoted the application of asymmetric structures in bionics,
biointegrated electronics, and other basic industries. However, the
ability to bond the hydrogel and organogel tightly remains a significant
challenge. Herein, we propose a simple one-pot method for the fabrication
of multiresponsive hydrogel–organogel bilayer films, consisting
of a hydrophobic poly(butyl acrylate) (polyBA) layer, a salt-/thermo-responsive
poly(3-(1-(4-vinylbenzyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium-3-yl)propane-1-sulfonat)
(polyVBIPS) layer, and interfacially distributed vinyl-functionalized
nanoparticles. The presence of functionalized nanoparticles leads
to strong adhesion between the hydrogel and organogel via copolymerization
between the hydrogel and organogel precursors. Since the hydrophobic
organogels and hydrophilic hydrogels exhibit independent swelling–shrinking
behaviors, the resultant bilayer films undergo rapid, large-amplitude,
reversible, and repeatable bidirectional bending under various external
stimuli, such as temperature, salt solutions, and organic solvents.
The excellent multiresponsive bending behaviors were further demonstrated
in biomimetic manipulators which show excellent “capture–transport–release”
complex mechanical motions. Additionally, on the basis of the salt
response of polyVBIPS, a conceptual hydrogel–organogel bilayer
pipe has been designed for the removal of oil/seawater pollution.
Overall, this work provides a new strategy for enhancing interfacial
strength in immiscible binary systems. A new hydrogel–organogel
bilayer film has been developed with great potential for use in the
applications of soft robots and sewage treatment systems.
A pillar[6]arene-based supramolecular amphiphile has been constructed in water. The supramolecular amphiphile formed vesicles, which could be regulated by pH, light and enzymes, and thus the loaded dye in the vesicles could be released in a controlled manner.
Knoevenagel condensation of aromatic aldehydes with active methylene compounds such as malononitrile, ethylcyanoacetate, and cyanoacetamide proceeded very smoothly in reusable and cheap ionic liquid 2-hydroxyethylammonium formate at room temperature in the absence of a catalyst. Compared to other reported ionic liquids, the ionic liquid 2-hydroxyethylammonium formate shows better potential in the applications on the industrial scale with its low cost and viscosity.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.