Fairness is an important and interdisciplinary topic employed in many fields. This article discusses fairness issues in wireless networks. First, we address various issues in the study on fairness. In general, we formulate the issues in fairness research through the three core questions. Finding answers them leads us to various nuances of fairness studies. Existing fairness models are summarized and compared. We also look into the major fairness research domains in wireless networks. Relationship between fairness, utility and resource allocation are also discussed. At the end of this article, we provide properties of fairness and an example fairness management process. We also state some challenges that point to further work on fairness in wireless networks. Indeed research on fairness is entangled with various other aspects such as performance, utility, optimization and throughput at the network as well as individual (or node) level. While consolidating various contributions in the literature, this article tries to explain the nuances of all these aspects clearly in the domain of wireless networking.
1 Abstract-Due to the expected growth in district heating systems in combination with the development of hybrid energy appliances such as heat pumps and micro-combined heat and power installations, new opportunities arise for the management of multi-commodity energy systems, including electricity, heat and gas. The possibility to 'convert' forms of energy using hybrid energy appliances and exploiting flexibility from local production and consumption, can improve the systems' efficiency significantly. This paper extends existing work with a decentralized version of a multi-commodity smart energy management system, in order to deal with flexibility and scalability. The system incorporates both heat and electricity and integrates various types of flexible appliances as well as hybrid energy appliances. To optimally allocate the available resources and its flexibility, the developed multi-agent system aims to perform optimal supply and demand matching of the local resources and flexible appliances, as well as to flatten out the net remaining exchange over time. The proposed method is applied to a test case, where simulation results confirm that the decentralized approach leads to a scalable solution for the management of the multi-commodity smart energy system and performs similar to the centralized approach.Index Terms-Combined heat and power; demand-side management; distributed algorithms; heat pump; multi-agent systems; multi-commodity; smart energy systems;
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.