The large number of users and the small scale of wells greatly complicate monitoring of groundwater abstraction in areas of intensive pumping by numerous smallholders such as in the North China Plain. This paper presents a study in a typical county in the North China Plain. It discusses the application and challenges of an indirect, energy-based approach to groundwater abstraction monitoring. Intensive field experiments at individual wells were carried out to provide a basis for the conversion from electric energy consumption to groundwater abstraction and to explore the feasibility of direct and indirect abstraction monitoring methods in the study area. The results show that the main challenge of electricity-to-water conversion lies in the large spread of conversion factors between wells. The conversion error at an individual well is found to be less than 20%. The same accuracy is achieved on spatially aggregated levels by testing only a small number of wells. Trade-offs can be made to obtain groundwater abstraction estimates at the required accuracy and with reasonable efforts regarding data collection. The analysis shows that energy-based groundwater abstraction monitoring outperforms direct water metering with respect to cost and robustness. It provides satisfactory data accuracy and equitability in regions where irrigation wells are powered by electricity.
Abstract. To find out the water quality of the constructed wetland in Ming-Guan testing ground of Hebei University of Engineering, according to the water pollution situation of the constructed wetland in Ming Guan testing ground, take the monitoring data of water quality which are tested at eight monitoring points from October to November in 2016 as the based data. Choose total nitrogen, total phosphorus, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand and other indicators.The improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method combined with MATLAB programming was used to evaluate the water quality of the study area.Evaluation results show that the class I water accounted for 4% of the total evaluation, the class II water accounted for 14% of the total evaluation, the class III water accounted for 20% of the total evaluation, the class IV water accounted for 59% of the total evaluation, the class V water accounted for 3% of the total evaluation.The results is consistent with the actual situation of water body and provide a theoretical reference for the water quality evaluation of the Ming-Guan testing ground of Hebei University of Engineering.
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