Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is the most widely used 3D‐printing technology due to its simplicity to operate and low cost. However, many engineering plastics such as polycarbonate (PC) with better properties cannot be applied in common FDM printer because of their poor processability and printability. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as the most common printing material has the disadvantages of insufficient heat resistance and poor toughness, which limits the application of PLA‐based FDM product in more potential fields. To develop new material available for FDM, PC/PLA blend was prepared by polymer blending and achieved essential printability for FDM. Ethylene‐butyl acrylate‐glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer (PTW) was introduced to PC/PLA blend as warpage modifier and also had a good toughening effect. Thus, PC/PLA/PTW blend had been prepared as FDM filament with excellent comprehensive properties. The phase morphology of PLA changed from independent dispersed phase to semi‐continuous phase with increasing PLA content. Different from the injection molding samples, the morphology of FDM‐printed samples indicated that the PLA phase oriented in the same direction due to the tensile orientation of the filaments caused by nozzle scanning. Five printing modes were designed to study the effect of printing direction on mechanical properties and failure modes. It was proved that the adhesion between the filaments was weaker than the strength of filament itself and easily caused adjacent filament exfoliation, ultimately resulting in the failure. The work provided some referential conclusions contributing to optimization of printing strategy.
In this paper, poly(lactic acid) grafted with maleic anhydride (PLA‐g‐MAH) was prepared by melt grafting, and added into poly(lactic acid)/lemongrass fiber (PLA/LF) biocomposites after analyzing the chemical properties of LF. The effect of PLA‐g‐MAH on the properties of PLA/LF biocomposites was studied. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to characterize the crystallinity, isothermal crystallization behavior, thermal stability and microstructure of the biocomposites. In addition, the mechanical properties of biocomposites prepared by fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing technology were also characterized. The results show that, the contents of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin are 22.5%, 36.4%, and 22.8%, respectively in the composition of LF. With the addition of LF, the flexural modulus, crystallinity and crystallization rate of biocomposites are improved. After PLA‐g‐MAH was added, the crystallization rate of PLA is further slightly increased, but the crystallinity is not changed much. The mechanical properties of the PLA/LF biocomposites are improved to the greatest extent when 5 wt% PLA‐g‐MAH was added. PLA‐g‐MAH can significantly reduce the internal cavity and fiber peeling phenomenon, and there is no obvious gap between phases so that interface compatibility of PLA and LF is improved obviously.
Wood‐plastic composites are attracting great interest from society due to their recycling nature and excellent processability. Also, nano silica can be used as reinforcing filler for wood‐plastic composites. However, it is difficult to achieve a fine nano silica dispersion within the wood‐plastic composites. In this article, the alkali treatment and sol‐gel method were combined to modify the wood flour(WF) in situ to prepare WF/silica hybrid, and the hybrid was used as reinforcing filler for polypropylene‐based wood‐plastic composites. The physicochemical properties of WF/silica hybrid were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Subsequently, the mechanical properties, Vicat softening temperature, oxidation induction time and thermal decomposition behavior of polypropylene‐based wood‐plastic composites were characterized. The test results were compared with polypropylene‐based wood‐plastic composites blended with nano silica. Compared with the wood‐plastic composites blended with commercial silica, the composites filled with hybrid filler have better mechanical performances and thermal stability. The addition of hybrid is also beneficial to improving the thermal oxygen resistance of the composites. We envision that the present work offers novel insights to prepare high‐performance wood‐plastic composites.
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