No abstract

Many real-world networks have scale-free characteristics and can be abstracted into scalefree networks. Aiming at the problem that scale-free networks have low fault tolerance in the face of malicious attacks, we focus on the selective forwarding attack behavior that exists widely in the networks, and build a selective forwarding attack model based on node importance. Moreover, according to the neighbor node's malicious and non-malicious behavior, a load redistribution strategy for failed node is proposed. Then, the network's damage degree is given to evaluate the comprehensive impact of cascading failure phenomenon on network connectivity and information integrity under selective forwarding attack. Finally, a cascading failure model of scale-free networks considering selective forwarding attack behavior is obtained. Based on this model, the propagation condition without triggering network cascading failure, the selective forwarding attack intensity threshold and the load loss ratio are obtained. By simulation on the classical BA scale-free network model, the results show that multiple nodes' random failure occurs in scalefree networks, selective forwarding attack behavior is helpful to improve the connectivity of the network. Besides, the network exists selective forwarding attack intensity threshold, when attack intensity is greater than the intensity threshold, the malicious nodes will not fail because of the failure of the neighbor nodes. But, selective forwarding attack behavior can destroy the information integrity, and there is a negative correlation between the attack intensity and the information integrity. These results have certain guiding significance for cascade failure analysis and prevention method research and design in real life. INDEX TERMS Scale-free network, cascading failure, selective forwarding attack, attack intensity threshold, information integrity This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.

To address the issues of data insecurity and unreliable transmission, redundancy-based data recovery can guarantee data security, but the increase of redundant data will reduce the robustness of network in the face of cascading failures. A distributed adaptive routing method in scale-free network is proposed to improve network resilience against selective forwarding attacks and the robustness against cascading failures. Based on the polynomial principle, the proposed routing method slices packets, adds redundancy reasonably and adopts multipath sequential routing method to completely send data to the destination node. The ability to resist selective forwarding attacks and robustness against cascading failures is investigated and analysed throughout the entire network operation. Simulation results show that our proposed routing method is not restricted by the number of disjoint paths, can maintain a higher data recovery ratio and resist effectively selective forwarding attacks, and also balances the network load well. Moreover, this routing method has a lower end-to-end latency for data transmission and is highly resistant to cascading failures under random and intentional attacks.

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