Gallbladder torsion is a rare, acute abdominal disease. It was first reported by Wendell in 1898. Since then, only 500 cases have been reported. Gallbladder torsion occurs in all age groups, although it usually appears in the latter stages of life. The occurrence ratio between women and men is 3:1. Most cases are diagnosed during surgery. The main treatment is surgical detorsion and cholecystectomy. Despite progress in radiologic imaging diagnosis, it is not easy to obtain a precise preoperative diagnosis of gallbladder torsion. In previous reports, only 9.8% of all gallbladder torsion cases were diagnosed preoperatively. We present a case of acute body-neck gallbladder torsion in an elderly man, and we review the radiologic findings of magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and ultrasonography. The radiologic findings in the present case were helpful in obtaining a preoperative diagnosis of gallbladder torsion. The diagnosis was confirmed by T2-weighted magnetic resonance images, which showed an intra-gallbladder segment located between the body and neck of the gallbladder, with a notable crease within this segment.
SUMMARYWireless sensor nodes may be spread over large areas and long distances, and require multi-hop communications between nodes, making direct management numerous wireless sensor nodes inefficient. Hierarchical management can be adopted to control several nodes. Effectively controlling the top-level nodes can decrease the costs of managing nodes and of the communication among them. The lower-level nodes are controlled and organized with the higher-level nodes. This study presents an algorithm for self-organization mechanism of higher-level nodes, contesting member nodes by multi-hop to form hierarchical clusters, and applying the '20/80 rule' to determine the ratio of headers to member nodes. Furthermore, the broadcast tree is constructed with the minimum number of hops. Simulation results indicate that the mechanism has a 6-22% lower cover loss than other approaches. The average delay of the minimum hop count approach is 0.22-1.57 ms less than that of free hop count approach. The simulation also reveals the influence of 20/80 rule on cluster formation between sensor nodes.
Internal abdominal herniations are rare. A 34-year-old healthy man was seen in the emergency room because of severe lower abdominal pain and episodic vomiting. Pericecal internal herniation of the inferior ileocecal recess was suspected by abdominal CT study and confirmed by exploratory laparotomy. Finally, the herniated ileal loops were reduced, and the redundant peritoneum was resected. In the present case, CT demonstrates the precise anatomic diagnosis and shows acute complications that should be recommended preoperatively. Urgent surgical intervention is necessary to prevent strangulation, which is responsible for high mortality. Early diagnosis and treatment had a good outcome.
SUMMARYRadio frequency identifi cation (RFID) technology adopts the air interface to deliver the information required for object identifi cation. The RFID system is convenient to manage and operate, and is widely encouraged by the large-scale chain industry. Additionally, electronic product code (EPC) network technology allows immediate, automatic identifi cation and sharing of information on items in the supply chain. This work proposes an RFID service middleware with a highly reliable and effi cient application-level event (ALE)-based prototype mechanism according to EPCglobal. A Student Muster Roll (SMR) application test bed is implemented in the proposed ALE-based scheme. The SMR system can be employed to manage the absentee records of students in a class, and can manage and control several operation multi-reader devices simultaneously. The proposed scheme can fi lter attendance accurately, eliminating the possibility of reduplication in student records. Performance evaluation results indicate that the proposed novel scheme is much more effi cient and reliable than a naive ALE scheme.
This work proposes a novel middleware architecture for tele‐homecare systems. The proposed architecture is composed of three layers: a device management layer, a data management layer and an application layer. Vital signs sensing is achieved by wired and wireless sensor node integrated with a medical device, or by sensors connected with serial link. Although defined as the software above the medical sensor network, the two‐layer middleware is below the application program that provides a common programming abstraction for tele‐homecare systems. An application,called the Tele‐Homecare Household Monitor System, based on the proposed middleware is implemented and evaluated. The transmission energy costs (the number of messages transmitted in the system) and the average delays caused by aggregation function are compared in two configurations and four different implementations of aggregation function. To increase power efficiency and prolong the system life‐time, the aggregation functions should be implemented on the sensor node of the wireless sensor network if this is feasible. To minimize the message delay, the aggregation functions should be implemented on cluster head. Good message aggregation and filtering significantly reduce the number of messages transmitted and stored in the system, and could translate the sensed readings into useful and meaningful information. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advances in micro-sensor and radio technology will enable the deployment of small but s r m sensors for various environmental monitoring applications. Generally, the sensor node cannot recharge and the battery life is not expected to increase significantly in the future. Reducing power consumpi.ion and providing efficient power savings are crucial points in Sensor Networks. From the related research, this study generalizes four cases of power waste and consumption, as follows: collision, sparse node, overhead and listen. The proposed method can avoid those four case of power consumption and waste case. Numerous studies demonstrate that sleeping mode is merely a method for power saving. Thus this paper utilized those previous related works results about power saving, every node according to schedule working, the other node enters the sleeping mode until it needs to work again. Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed approach perfoims between 150% and 250% better than PEGASIS when IO%, 20%, 50%, and 100% of nodes die in diffemt sensor network sues and topologies.
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