Background Endometrial carcinoma (EC) and serous ovarian carcinoma (OvCa) are both among the common cancer types in women. EC can be divided into two subtypes, endometroid EC and serous-like EC, with distinct histological characterizations and molecular phenotypes. There is an increasing awareness that serous-like EC resembles serous OvCa in genetic landscape, but a clear relationship between them is still lacking. Methods Here, we took advantage of the large-scale molecular profiling of The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA) to compare the two EC subtypes and serous OvCa. We used bioinformatics data analytic methods to systematically examine the somatic mutation (SM) and copy number alteration (SCNA), gene expression, pathway activities, survival gene signatures and immune infiltration. Based on these quantifiable molecular characterizations, we asked whether serous-like EC should be grouped more closely to serous OvCa, based on the context of being serous-like; or if should be grouped more closely to endometroid EC, based on the same organ origin. Results We found that although serous-like EC and serous OvCa share some common genotypes, including mutation and copy number alteration, they differ in molecular phenotypes such as gene expression and signaling pathway activity. Moreover, no shared prognostic gene signature was found, indicating that they use unique genes governing tumor progression. Finally, although the endometrioid EC and serous OvCa are both highly immune infiltrated, the immune cell composition in serous OvCa is mostly immune suppressive, whereas endometrioid EC has a higher level of cytotoxic immune cells. Overall, our genetic aberration and molecular phenotype characterizations indicated that serous-like EC and serous OvCa cannot be simply treated as a simple “serous” cancer type. In particular, additional attention should be paid to their unique gene activities and tumor microenvironments for novel targeted therapy development.

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Objective This study investigated the molecular epidemiology of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) in pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes (PROM) in Fuzhou region of China as a source of clinical reference. Methods GBS isolates were obtained from pregnant women with PROM. All isolates were genotyped, serotyped, and tested for drug-resistance and virulence genes using PCR and DNA sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the Vitek ® 2 automated system. Results Among the 140 GBS isolates, seventeen sequence types (STs) were identified, of which ST19 (20.0%) was the most prevalent, followed by ST862, ST10, and ST12. Three clonal complexes (CC19, CC10 and CC1) were identified. The predominant serotype was III (45.7%), followed by V (23.6%), Ib (18.6%), Ia (7.1%), and II (3.6%). The prevalence of multidrug resistance was 72.8% (102/140). All isolates were susceptible to penicillin G, ampicillin, quinupristin, linezolid, vancomycin, and tigecycline. The majority of isolates were resistant to erythromycin (70.0%), clindamycin (72.1%), and tetracycline (81.4%), and 28.6% of isolates were resistant to levofloxacin and moxifloxacin. Of the 98 erythromycin-resistant strains, mreA, ermB, mefA, mefE, ermA , and ermTR were detected in 100%, 70.4%, 49.0%, 22.4%, 13.3%, and 9.2%, respectively. No linB was detected among 101 clindamycin-resistant strains. Of the 114 tetracycline-resistant strains, tetM, tetK, tetL and tetO were detected in 52.6%, 61.4%, 7.9%, and 23.7%, respectively. Regarding virulence genes, all strains carried rib and hylB , followed by scpB (98.6%), and bca (80.7%), whereas only one strain carried bac . Conclusion ST19/III and ST862/III were the most prevalent GBS subtypes. Penicillin G remains a first-line antibiotic for intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis and treatment of GBS infections. The prevalence of resistance to clindamycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline is high among GBS isolates in the Fuzhou region. ST862 and ST651 are emerging animal origin STs in human infections, and may become potential zoonotic threats.

Purpose Non-typhoidal salmonella (NTS) infection is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in children. Recently, NTS infections have increased, especially those associated with Salmonella Typhimurium, which has become a global problem because of its high level of drug resistance. Diseases caused by NTS serotypes vary considerably. We summarised NTS infections among children in Fuzhou, Fujian, China, from 2012 to 2021, and synthesised studies indicating the clinical symptoms, laboratory test results, and drug resistance associated with S . Typhimurium and non- S . Typhimurium to enhance the knowledge of these infections and improve their diagnoses and treatment. Patients and Methods Between January 2012 and December 2021, 691 children with NTS infections confirmed by positive culture test results were recruited from Fujian Children’s Hospital and Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital. Clinical demographic data of each case were collected from the electronic medical records and analysed. Results A total of 691 isolates were identified. The number of NTS infections increased significantly in 2017 and increased sharply during 2020 and 2021, especially S . Typhimurium greatly increased and was the dominant serotype (58.3%). S . Typhimurium infection was commonly occurred in children younger than 3 years and most of them were gastrointestinal infection, while non- S . Typhimurium more often observed in older children and associated with extra-intestinal infection. The rate of multidrug-resistant S . Typhimurium was significantly higher than that of non- S . Typhimurium, especially during the last 2 years of this study (2020 and 2021). Conclusion S . Typhimurium was the dominant serotype and greatly increased among children in Fuzhou city. There are significant differences in clinical symptoms, laboratory test results, and drug resistance between S . Typhimurium and non- S . Typhimurium. More attention should be paid on S . Typhimurium. Long-term high-quality surveillance and control measures should be conducted to prevent salmonella infections and drug resistance.

Background Group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization in late pregnancy is associated with premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and preterm delivery, and may lead to ascending infection and neonatal early-onset disease. This study aims to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, serotypes, and molecular characterization of GBS strains in Fuzhou region of China. Methods A total of 140 GBS isolates were obtained from pregnant women with PROM. All isolates were genotyped, serotyped and tested for drug-resistance and virulence genes using PCR and DNA sequencing. In addition, antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using Vitek® 2 automated system. Results Among the 140 GBS isolates, seventeen sequence types (STs) were identified, among which ST19 (20.0%) was the most prevalent, followed by ST862, ST10 and ST12. Three clonal complexes (CCs) were identified, namely, CC19, CC10 and CC1. The predominant serotype was III (45.7%), followed by V (23.6%), Ib (18.6%), Ia (7.1%), and II (3.6%). The prevalence of multidrug resistance was 72.8% (102/140). All isolates were susceptible to penicillin G, ampicillin, quinupristin, linezolid, vancomycin, and tigecycline. The majority of isolates were resistant to clindamycin (72.1%), erythromycin (70.0%), and tetracycline (80.7%), and 28.6% of isolates were resistant to levofloxacin and moxifloxacin. Of the 98 erythromycin-resistant strains, mreA was detected in 100% (98/98), followed by ermB (70%, 69/98), mefA (49%, 48/98), mefE (22%, 22/98), ermA (13%, 13/98) and ermTR (9%, 9/98). No linB were detected among 101 clindamycin-resistant strains. Of the 114 tetracycline-resistant strains, tetM, tetK, tetL and tetO was detected in 52.6%, 61.4%, 7.9%, and 23.7%, respectively. For virulence genes detection, all strains carried rib and hylB, followed by bca (98.6%), and scpB (80.7%), whereas only one strain carried bac. Conclusion ST19/III and ST862/III were the most prevalent GBS subtypes. Penicillin G remains a first-line antibiotic for IAP and treatment of GBS infections. Three agents (clindamycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline) should not be used as candidate alternatives for penicillin allergies in this region. Long-term, high-quality surveillance should be conducted to provide a foundation for GBS prevention strategies and vaccine development.