Background:The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of vinorelbine and cisplatin (NP chemotherapy) alone or in combination with Aidi injection for the treatment of advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods:Pertinent publications were identified in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, CQVIP, and Wanfang databases, up to December 8, 2015. After quality assessment of all included randomized controlled trials evaluating Aidi injection combined with NP chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced NSCLC, a meta-analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.2 and STATA 12.0 for statistical analyses.Results:Twelve studies including 509 and 503 cases in the experimental and control groups, respectively, were finally analyzed. The meta-analysis revealed that when cisplatin dose ranging from 20 to 40 mg/m2, combination of Aidi injection and NP chemotherapy was statistically different compared with NP chemotherapy alone in enhancing efficiency (relative risk [RR] = 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.05–1.47], P = 0.010) and reducing the incidence of Grade II or above nausea and vomiting (RR = 0.49, 95% CI [0.30–0.80], P = 0.005). Meanwhile, with cisplatin ranging from 80 to 120 mg/m2, no significant differences in efficiency (RR = 1.11, 95% CI [0.87–1.42], P = 0.390) and Grade II or above nausea and vomiting (RR = 0.88, 95% CI [0.71–1.10], P = 0.260) were obtained. In addition, Aidi injection combined with NP chemotherapy was superior to NP chemotherapy alone in improving the quality of life, alleviating Grade II or above leukopenia and thrombocytopenia.Conclusions:Aidi injection combined with NP chemotherapy can enhance efficiency, improve the quality of life, and decrease adverse effects in patients with advanced NSCLC.

Background: The objective of this study was to explore the effects of 30 kHz ultrasound on the efficacy of paclitaxel in subcutaneous breast tumors in Balb/c mice in vivo. Materials and Methods: 40 Balb/c female mice were divided into 5 groups: model control group, paclitaxel intraperitoneal (ip) group (20 mg/kg, ip, at 3 day intervals for a total of 3 doses (q3d×3)), paclitaxel intratumoral (it) group (20 mg/kg, it, q3d×3), paclitaxel intraperitoneal (20 mg/kg, ip, q3d×3) combined with low-frequency ultrasound (LFU) group, and paclitaxel intratumoral (20 mg/kg, it, q3d×3) combined with LFU group. Ultrasound parameters were 30 kHz, 200 MW intensity, 15 min, q3d×3. The antitumoral effect was determined by examining the tumor weight in subcutaneously inoculated EMT6 breast carcinoma models in Balb/c mice. All subcutaneous tumors were examined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) upon completion of the experiments. Drug concentrations in the subcutaneous tumors were also analyzed using HPLC. Finally, paraffin sections of the subcutaneous tumors were made, and after hematoxylin and eosin staining, the tumor morphology was examined under a light microscope. Results: LFU combined with paclitaxel significantly restrained tumor growth in transplanted subcutaneous EMT6 tumors in Balb/c mice, and this effect correlated with increased local concentrations of paclitaxel in the tumors. Body weight measurement did not reveal significant adverse effects on the Balb/c mice during the study. Conclusion: LFU combined with paclitaxel has a significant synergistic effect in the treatment of breast cancer.

Background Revefenacin (REV) is a novel once-daily long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) in the treatment of moderate to very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This systematic review incorporating a dose-response meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of REV.Methods PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP database, and Wanfang database were searched from their inception to April 2020. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which evaluated the efficacy and safety of REV in COPD patients. Two reviewers independently performed study screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. Outcomes consisted of the mean change in trough Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) from baseline, adverse events (AEs), and serious adverse events (SAEs). A dose-response meta-analysis using the robust error meta-regression method was conducted. We used Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to assess the quality of evidence.Results Nine RCTs (3,121 participants) were included in this systematic review. The meta-analyses indicated that 175 μg/day REV could significantly improve the trough FEV1 (MD=143.67, 95%CI: 129.67 to 157.68; I2=96%; 809 participants; studies=4; low quality) without increasing the risk of AEs (OR=0.98, 95%CI: 0.81 to 1.18; I2=34%; 2,286 participants; studies=7; low quality) or SAEs (OR=0.89, 95%CI: 0.55 to 1.46; I2=0%; 2,318 participants; studies=7; very low quality) compared to placebo. Furthermore, the effect of REV in increasing trough FEV1 was dose-dependent with an effective threshold of 88 μg/day (R2 = 0.7017). Nevertheless, only very low-quality to low-quality evidence showed that REV at a dose of 175 μg/day was inferior to tiotropium regarding the long-term efficacy, and its safety profile was not superior to tiotropium or ipratropium.Conclusion Current evidence shows that REV is a promising option for the treatment of moderate to very severe COPD. Due to most evidence graded as low quality, further studies are required to compare the efficacy, long-term safety and cost-effectiveness between REV and other LAMAs in different populations.Clinical Trial Registration: [PROSPERO], identifier [CRD42020182793]

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Background: Acute necrotizing pancreatitis is a serious pancreatic injury with limited effective treatments. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of hesperidin on L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis and its potential targets. Methods: The authors induced acute pancreatitis in mice by administering two hourly intraperitoneal injections of L-arginine-HCl, and evaluated the impact of hesperidin on pancreatic and lung tissues, plasma amylase activity, and myeloperoxidase content. Additionally, necrosis and mitochondrial function was tested in primary pancreatic acinar cells. The interactions between hesperidin and proteins involved in necrosis and mitochondrial dysfunction were further invested using in silico molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations. Results: Hesperidin effectively ameliorated the severity of acute necrotizing pancreatitis by reducing plasma amylase, pancreatic MPO, serum IL-6 levels, pancreatic edema, inflammation, and pancreatic necrosis. Hesperidin also protected against acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury and prevented acinar cell necrosis, mitochondrial membrane potential loss, and ATP depletion. In addition, hesperidin exhibited a high binding affinity with SIRT1 and increased the protein levels of SIRT1. The SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 abolished the protective effect of hesperidin against necrosis in acinar cells. Conclusion: These findings indicate that hesperidin alleviates the severity of acute necrotizing pancreatitis by activating SIRT1, which may provide insight into the mechanisms of natural compounds in treating AP. Hesperidin has potential as a therapeutic agent for acute necrotizing pancreatitis and provides a new approach for novel therapeutic strategies.