It is a basic, ancient and mysterious issue: why our space is three dimensional? This issue is related to philosophy, mathematics, physics and even religion, and thus aroused great research interests. The author makes an in-depth analysis of the problem, and finally comes to a conclusion: For any vector space with symmetry, orthogonality, homogeneity and completeness, the space dimension must be three on condition that: the energy obeys the law of conservation, the dynamics law is governed by the covariance principle, and thus the cross-product must can be defined in the space. Our space just meets and requires the above constraints, so its dimension is three.
Abstract:Based on the operator theories and Hamiltonian canonical equation, an operator based quantum dynamics equation is established, which has the same effect as the Hamiltonian equation in describing the state evolution of quantized dynamical systems. As the reasonable verification of this equation, Schrodinger equation can be derived theoretically, and the variational principle properties of quantum mechanics are revealed. This work will help to promote the development of quantum theory and to perfect the axiomatic system of quantum mechanics.
In this paper, two fundamental problems of particle physics are studied theoretically. The first one is: to solve the problem of establishing general quantum number constrained equation, the symmetry transformation mechanism of charge eigenstates for elementary particles is adopted, and the quantum number constrained equation is established, which is applicable to physical particles. For hadrons, this equation is completely consistent with Gell-Mann-Nishijima formula. For leptons, the lepton quantum numbers are exactly the solutions of this equation. The second one is: to solve the problem of understanding singularity and calculating singular numbers, a hypothesis that a composite particle may has virtual structure is proposed. According to this hypothesis, the singular particles must be composite particles, and have virtual structures. In a virtual structure, the particles and antiparticles of component particles can form particle-antiparticle pairs, which have great influence such as improving mass and changing life of composite particles. Therefore, the composite particle with particle-antiparticle pairs in its virtual structure is singular particle, and the singular number is the number of particle-antiparticle pairs. These two theoretical results are in good agreement with the already achieved experimental results of particle physics, can explain the related phenomena of physical particles from a deeper physical mechanism, and theoretically predict the existence of singular leptons and several new singular hadrons.
In this paper, two fundamental problems of particle physics are studied theoretically. The first one is: to solve the problem of establishing general quantum number constrained equation, the symmetry transformation mechanism of charge eigenstates for elementary particles is adopted, and the general quantum number constrained equations are established, which are applicable to physical particles. For hadrons, an equation is completely consistent with Gell-Mann-Nishijima formula. For leptons, the lepton quantum numbers are exactly the solutions of an equation, which is just the lepton quantum number constrained equation. The second problem is: to solve the problem of understanding singularity and calculating singular numbers, a hypothesis that a composite particle may has virtual structure is proposed. According to this hypothesis, the singular particles must be composite particles, and have virtual structures. In a virtual structure, the particles and antiparticles of component particles can form particle-antiparticle pairs, which have great influence such as improving mass and changing life of composite particles. Therefore, the composite particle with particle-antiparticle pairs in its virtual structure is singular particle, and the singular number is the number of particle-antiparticle pairs. These two theoretical results are in good agreement with the already achieved experimental results of particle physics, can explain the related phenomena of physical particles from a deeper physical mechanism, and theoretically predict the existence of singular leptons and several new singular hadrons.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.