In this paper, splitting strength and freeze-thaw splitting strength of warm mix asphalt (WMA) are analyzed based on material surface free energy (SFE). Firstly, SFE, polar component and dispersion component of asphalt with different additives (Sasobit ® , anti-stripping agent) are measured through sessile drop method; Secondly, SFE and specific surface area (SSA) of limestone and granite are measured separately by capillary rise method and BET adsorption method; Fatherly, work of adhesion between asphalts and aggregates is calculated; At last, the author analyzes the relationships between SFE, each component, work of adhesion and splitting strength, freeze-thaw splitting strength of mixtures.The results show that: polar component of asphalt and splitting strength is negatively correlated, but dispersion component is positively correlated; and Sasobit ® makes dispersion component of asphalt reduce, but polar component increase, so splitting strength, freeze-thaw splitting strength of mixtures with Sasobit ® reduce legitimately; work of adhesion between asphalt and granite is larger than limestone, but the SSA of limestone is 1.4 times than granite, therefore, splitting strength, freeze-thaw splitting strength of mixtures with limestone are larger than granite; with the dosage of Sasobit ® increases, the work of adhesion, splitting strength and freeze-thaw splitting strength of mixtures are changed similarly.
In wireless sensor networks, the disconnected network is an important and special one. Generally, the disconnected network is often characterized as a graph in graph theory. Suppose that edges fail independently of each other with equal probability and nodes are perfect. In this paper, a new reliability measure of disconnected network is proposed and defined as the probability that the edge-induced subgraph induced by surviving edges is connected. Different from traditional all-terminal reliability, this new reliability measure focuses on residual edge connectedness and is able to distinguish the reliability of two disconnected networks which are in the same class. Furthermore, the partial-star S is also proved to be uniformly best disconnected network under our proposed reliability measure in its class.
The genesis of Xi’ an ground fissures and the recent activity characteristics and tendency have been introduced firstly. The architectural damage caused by ground fissures and current hazard prevention methods have been described secondly. The applications of a new material used in controlling underground engineering and coal mine disaster have been introduced. The mechanical properties of the new material have been stated also. As a result, a new foundation treatment method has been envisaged to make it possible to construct architectures on ground fissures.
The Baisha river basin was extremely destroyed by the Wenchuan earthquake. This paper extracted the seismic-induced geological disasters data about 26km2 within an area of 368.25km2 by remote sensing interpretation and field investigation. This paper used arcgis to analysis these data, and divided the basin into several belts or zones base on slope, aspect, elevation and stratum lithology. The geo-hazard distribution analysis model was built to find some correlation between disaster distribution and geological factors such as terrain, stratum lithology and geomorphology by comparing among the parameters Ps, Ph, and Pc. The results show that most hazards occur where the slope between 30° and 50°, or aspect range is112.5° to 202.5°, and or the elevation between1140m and 3140m, the stratum lithology are the Huangshuihe group and The Middle Proterozoic common granite. At last the research zone is classified into four levels base on ground destroyed grade, and results show that the belts of most hazards located are not always the one destroyed most heavily.
An in-situ water injection test across Xi’ an ground fissures has been done, in order to simulate the activity of the fissures after water seeps, from October to December, 2005. According to the settlement observed of the bottom of testing pit, it is proven that the surface water seepage speeds the movement of ground fissures. Usually, the soil on the hanging wall of the fissures is more fragmentized than that on the footwall, which is propitious to water seepage. The seepage promotes the interaction between water and soil particles and brings about the differential settlement of two sides of fissures. Therefore, surface water seepage accelerates the activity of the ground fissures.
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