Background: Traditional Chinese patent medicine (TCPM) has potential in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Some studies have reported TCPMs could effectively reduce blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. To enhance glycemic control, relieve uncomfortable symptoms and delay diabetic complications, integrative TCPM and anti-hyperglycemic drugs is essential. Here, we investigated the efficacy and safety of using TCPM according to syndrome differentiation in co-collaboration with antihyperglycemic drugs.Methods: Participants that met the diagnostic criteria of T2DM and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiation were included. This is a two-arm multicenter, prospective cohort study.Two hundred and six participants will be included, the cohorts were divided according to the treatment methods they choose. Both groups will propose a healthy lifestyle, the exposure group used TCPMs based on syndrome differentiation, while the control group do not use other therapies. Basic therapy of antihyperglycemic, lipid-lowering and anti-hypertensive treatment accompanied with both groups. The study duration will be 24 weeks, and being followed up for 2 years afterward. Telephone follow-up will be done every two weeks and participant follow-up will be done every four weeks during the intervention period.The primary outcome will be the changes in glycosylated hemoglobin, the secondary outcomes include the changes of blood glucose, blood pressure, blood lipids, body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, incidence of diabetic microvascular and macrovascular complications and improvement in TCM symptoms. T test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, chi-squared test, or Fisher exact test were regarded as the main statistical methods for comparing the outcome variables. Statistical tests will be two-sided, and significance will be assigned at P<0.05.Discussion: The design of the trial coincides with the real-world practice of TCM. We assume that participants with T2DM will be helped by TCPMs. If succeeded, this study will furnish evidence that TCPM in collaboration with anti-hyperglycemic drugs could improve glycolipid metabolism, relieve subjective symptoms and delay the incidence of diabetic complications.
Optical vortex array (OVA) containing multiple optical vortices is an optimal candidate for applications of optical communications, complex manipulation of multi-particle systems, and mass-synchronous fabrication. However, the existing OVAs have not been constructed to respond to the application requirements, particularly for micro-/nanomaterial fabrication where the boundary, size, and stability need to be carefully considered. To address this issue, we propose a Gibbs–Wulff OVA (GWOVA) by analogizing the Gibbs–Wulff theorem in solid-state physics. Herein, the Gibbs–Wulff theorem is first generalized to OVA's generation as the condition to confine its growth boundary. The GWOVA, which possesses versatile structures and arrangement modes (simple- and close-packed modes), is successfully generated and grown. It exhibits high stability and perfect symmetry during growth and rotation, which satisfies the symmetric group of D2 s. Owing to its stable structure and growth boundary conditions, the GWOVA has great potential for a wide range of applications, particularly in micro-/nanomaterial fabrication.
We focus on the study of the transferred image property in an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) system. In our experiment, a triple-peak image is effectively transferred from a coupling beam to a signal beam based on the EIT effect. It is found that the transferred image intensity profile of the signal beam is the same as that of the coupling beam while not in phase. Furthermore, the propagation property of the transferred image is studied. Due to the narrowing effect, the transferred image keeps narrowing and maintains the shape well within a certain distance outside of the medium. Our experimental results are in excellent agreement with the theoretical analysis.
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