A long-term use of ina pp ro p riate handle t yp e and poor handle angle ma y result in cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) for wrist es p eciall y during fencing. This research evaluated the influences of handle t yp es on workload of muscle strength distributed to the wrist during a fencing game via the EMG data. Subsequently, use different angle of handles to evaluate the fatigue p erformance on wrist as well as p re-and p ost-ex p eriment grip difference. The results show that the handle t yp e will affect fencers' muscle strength distributed to the wrist. Itshows that a viscounti-t yp e handle has equall y strengths for all muscle grou p s. Other t yp es of grip are relativel y eas y to cause muscle fatigue. Different handle angles will not affect on the average workload of the wrist, but it will influence the strength of grasp. The handle angles in 210 and 240 show a vulnerabilit y to fatigue for wrist muscles. We concluded that, for handle t yp e, the viscounti-t yp e handle is more a pp ro p riate with its handle angle at 210 to have better p erformance in effective hit rate and hit accurac y , but lead muscles to be easil y fatigue. A handle angle at 240 shows a p oor p erformance for hit rate and hit accurac y for fencers.
This paper studies the effect of vortex generators on hydro-turbine working performances. The study was carried out on a hydro-turbine system provided by Waterpumps Oy, Finland. First, the performance of the hydro-turbine system was analyzed with a CFD solver under different working conditions. Then, the hydro-turbine performance was examined with several vortex generators installed uniformly on the inside wall of the draft tube near its inlet. The turbine system’s efficiencies were compared for cases with and without vortex generators. Results show that turbine performs better when there are vortex generators installed in the draft tube of which the pressure recovery factor is much higher.
A steady state magnetohydrodynamic laminar solver with low magnetic Reynolds number has been developed in OpenFOAM platform. SIMPLE method has been used to solve the velocity vector and pressure. The induced electric potential and induced electric current has been solved according to a consistent and conservative scheme on a collocated structure grid. The solver has been validated by simulating Shercliff's case with medium Hartmann number. The results show that the numerical solution results match the analytical solutions well.
A commercial CFD software was used to simulate and predict a centrifugal pump performance. In this paper,the influences on the numerical simulation results using different turbulence models and different leakage flow assumptions were studied. The simulations are based on RANS with the and SST turbulence models. It is found that SST turbulence is better. Also the influence of the leakage flow was studied.
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