The maximum likelihood estimation is a widely used approach to the parameter estimation. However, the conventional algorithm makes the estimation procedure of three-parameter Weibull distribution difficult. Therefore, this paper proposes an evolutionary strategy to explore the good solutions based on the maximum likelihood method. The maximizing process of likelihood function is converted to an optimization problem. The evolutionary algorithm is employed to obtain the optimal parameters for the likelihood function. Examples are presented to demonstrate the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method is suitable for the parameter estimation of the three-parameter Weibull distribution.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an automatic parallelization toolkit for unstructured mesh-based computation. Among all kinds of mesh types, unstructured meshes are dominant in engineering simulation scenarios and play an essential role in scientific computations for their geometrical flexibility. However, the high-fidelity applications based on unstructured grids are still time-consuming, no matter for programming or running. Design/methodology/approach This study develops an efficient UNstructured Acceleration Toolkit (UNAT), which provides friendly high-level programming interfaces and elaborates lower level implementation on the target hardware to get nearly hand-optimized performance. At the present state, two efficient strategies, a multi-level blocks method and a row-subsections method, are designed and implemented on Sunway architecture. Random memory access and write–write conflict issues of unstructured meshes have been handled by partitioning, coloring and other hardware-specific techniques. Moreover, a data-reuse mechanism is developed to increase the computational intensity and alleviate the memory bandwidth bottleneck. Findings The authors select sparse matrix-vector multiplication as a performance benchmark of UNAT across different data layouts and different matrix formats. Experimental results show that the speed-ups reach up to 26× compared to single management processing element, and the utilization ratio tests indicate the capability of achieving nearly hand-optimized performance. Finally, the authors adopt UNAT to accelerate a well-tuned unstructured solver and obtain speed-ups of 19× and 10× on average for main kernels and overall solver, respectively. Originality/value The authors design an unstructured mesh toolkit, UNAT, to link the hardware and numerical algorithm, and then, engineers can focus on the algorithms and solvers rather than the parallel implementation. For the many-core processor SW26010 of the fastest supercomputer in China, UNAT yields up to 26× speed-ups and achieves nearly hand-optimized performance.

Adopting Large Eddy Simulation (LES) to simulate the complex flow is appropriate to overcome the limitation of current Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) modeling and it provides a deeper understanding of the complicated transitional and turbulent flow mechanism. However, the large computational cost limits its application in high Reynolds number flow. Though Sunway TaihuLight supercomputer has revealed its remarkable performance on atmospheric dynamics and earthquake simulation, there are still some unsolved problems for researchers: unstructured mesh and complicated programming pattern on SW26010. Therefore, we develop an ultra-scalable Unstructured Acceleration Toolkit (UNAT). In this toolkit, we derive a graph decomposition model of computing flow and reuse data through L1 cache to optimize the operator. Multi-level block method and register communication are developed to achieve the best performance of CPEs. CFD engineer can ignore the detail of parallel programming on SW26010 and utilize the operator interfaces offered by UNAT. Finally, we deploy UNAT to accelerate a combustion code and obtain 12-19x performance speed-up on specific operators, onto 65 cores within the chip compared with MPE.

Computational fluid dynamics- (CFD-) based component-level numerical simulation technology has been widely used in the design of aeroengines. However, due to the strong coupling effects between components, the numerical simulation of the whole engine considering the full three-dimensional flow and multi-component chemical reaction is still very difficult at present. Aimed at this problem, an efficient implicit solver, ‘sprayDyMFoam’ for an unstructured mesh, is developed in this paper based on the Sunway TaihuLight supercomputer. This sprayDyMFoam solver improves the PIMPLE algorithm in the solution of aerodynamic force and adjusts the existing droplet atomization model in the solution of the combustion process so as to meet the matching situation between components and the combustion chamber in the solution process. Meanwhile, the parallel communication mechanism of AMI boundary processing is optimized based on the hardware environment of the Sunway supercomputer. The sprayDyMFoam solver is used to simulate a typical double-rotor turbofan engine: the calculation capacity and efficiency meet the use requirements, and the obtained compressor performance can form a good match with the test. The research proposed in this paper has strong application value in high-confidence computing, complex phenomenon capturing, and time and cost reduction for aeroengine development.

This article presents an approach that combines the active global Kriging method and multidisciplinary strategy to investigate the problem of evidence-based multidisciplinary design optimization. The global Kriging model is constructed by introducing a so-called learning function and using actively selected samples in the entire optimization space. With the Kriging model, the plausibility, Pl, of failure is obtained with evidence theory. The multidisciplinary feasible and collaborative optimization strategies of multidisciplinary design optimization are combined with the evidence-based reliability analysis. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method. The numerical results show that the proposed algorithm is effective and valuable, which is valuable in engineering application.

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