Nonlinear site models are an important part of ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) and can be constructed in a number of ways. If numerous soil-site strong-motion records contain the effect of strong nonlinear soil response, the parameters for the nonlinear model can be a part of the regression parameters for GMPEs. It is also possible to derive nonlinear site models by numerical simulation. However, the number of strong-motion records from Japan that contain the effect of strong nonlinear soil response is still too small to derive nonlinear site terms. We present a model of nonlinear site terms using site class as the site parameter in GMPEs based on a 1D equivalent linear model. The 1D model was constructed based on the shear-wave velocity profiles from the KiK-net strong-motion stations with a wide range of site periods, soil depth, and impedance ratios. The rock-site strong-motion records were from different earthquake categories in Japan and the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center dataset. Those records had a wide range of earthquake magnitudes, source distances, and peak ground accelerations. A random effects regression model was fitted to the calculated spectral amplification ratios, accounting for the effect of site impedance ratios, earthquake magnitudes, and source distances of the rock-site records. We also designed a method to adjust the 1D model so it can be used in a GMPE, accounting for the fact that a 1D model is an overly simplistic assumption for many real strong-motion recording stations in many parts of the world.Online Material: Tables of nonlinear site model parameters.
The treatment of simulated wastewater containing phenol by electrochemical catalysis oxidation in twodimensional electro bath is studied. Factors affecting the removal efficiency of hydroquinone are investigated by static experiment, such as electrolyte concentration, electrolysis voltage, air supply and initial pH value. The results showed, with the increasing of electrolyte concentration, the removal rate of hydroquinone first increased, then decreased ;with the applied voltage increased, the removal of hydroquinone has be increased. It is helpful for hydroquinone removal in the mild acid ,neutral and mild base conditions. The removal rate is highest in the mild base condition. When the electrolyte concentration of Na 2 SO 4 is 0.04mol·L -1 , the voltage is 5V, air supply is 80L·h -1 , pH is 8.5, the removal rate of hydroquinone is 85.50%.
Based on experimental research, this paper discussed the Kinetics law of p-chlorphenol Wastewater Treatment by electrochemical oxidation, The influence effect on the reaction rates of p-chlorphenol degradation was inspected how various factors of aeration rate, applied voltage, supporting electrolyte concentration, and the initial pH value by experiment. The results show that the electrochemical degradation accords with the apparent first-order kinetics law, the applied voltage and the initial pH value are greater impact on electrochemical treatment reaction rate, but the effect of aeration rate and support electrolytes concentration on Electrochemical reaction rate are relatively small. The efficiency of degradation was increased along with the higher voltage but reduce gradually. When aeration rate, the electrolyte concentration and initial PH value changes within a certain scope, the rule of electrochemical oxidization processing efficiency were first increased and then reduce. Comprehensive consideration of the treatment efficiency and economic factors, suitable for the experimental conditions are the decomposition voltage of 10V, the aeration rate of 0.2m 3 /L, the supporting electrolyte concentration of 0.04mol/L and the initial pH value of 3.0.
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