The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) are extremely beneficial when a decision-making process is complex. The reason is that AHP and TOPSIS can prioritize multiple-choice criteria into a hierarchy by assessing the relative importance of criteria and can thus generate an overall ranking of the alternatives. This study uses fuzzy AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS to evaluate the human resource in science and technology (HRST) performance of Southeast Asian countries. The fuzzy TOPSIS analysis indicates that Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan have similarities in their desired levels of HRST performance. That is, these three countries have better HRST performances than other Southeast Asian countries.

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This study uses the perspectives of dynamic capabilities and ambidexterity to investigate the direct effect of the development of an organization’s explorative and exploitative capabilities on organizational tensions and performance. We employed a sample of high-tech Taiwanese firms to test our hypotheses and surveyed the informants’ knowledge about their companies. We sent out 1000 questionnaires and received 234 valid responses, yielding a 23.4% effective response rate. The results also indicated that the consideration of incorporating balanced and combined dimension ambidexterity would benefit high-tech firms and help them facilitate higher performance. In summary, based on the results of previous studies, this study divided dynamic capabilities into exploitation capabilities and exploration capabilities, and divided ambidexterity into combined and balanced dimensions, so as to redefine the relationship between dynamic capabilities, ambidexterity and organizational performance from the perspective of tension, thereby enhancing the connotations of dynamic theory.

The importance of organizational ambidexterity was stressed in different fields of management. This study was using a distinct method to measure the differences in the degree of ambidexterity to bridge the gap with the previous studies and to provide more insights in the successful management of exploitation and exploration. This study surveyed Taiwanese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to test the hypotheses. We issued 1000 questionnaires in total and received 234 valid ones. Results indicate exploitative and explorative capabilities exerting non-linear effect on performance. Likewise, ambidexterity and its interaction with market orientation have positive influence on firm performance. This study used structural equation modeling to analyze data, as this approach is known to be particularly advantageous for the exploratory nature of this study. We also used hierarchical regression analysis to test interaction and moderating effects. The study contributes to the literature in two ways. First, we offer a clearer understanding of the complete concept of social capital, including inter-firm and intra-firm social capital, and how contributes to improving and extending existing exploitative capabilities. Second, this study outlines how market orientation can have different effects on an ambidextrous strategy that is adopted to improve Taiwanese SMEs performance.

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