The culture supernatant of Paenibacillus sp. TKU036, a bacterium isolated from Taiwanese soils, showed high antioxidant activity (85%) when cultured in a squid pen powder (SPP)-containing medium at 37 °C for three days. Homogentisic acid (2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, HGA) was isolated and found to be the major antioxidant in the culture supernatant of the SPP-containing medium fermented by Paenibacillus sp. TKU036. Tryptophan was also present in the culture supernatant. The results of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprinting showed that HGA and tryptophan were produced via fermentation but did not pre-exist in the unfermented SPP-containing medium. Neither HGA nor tryptophan was found in the culture supernatants obtained from the fermentation of nutrient broth or other chitinous material, i.e., medium containing shrimp head powder, by Paenibacillus sp. TKU036. The production of HGA via microorganisms has rarely been reported. In this study, we found that squid pen was a potential carbon and nitrogen source for Paenibacillus sp. Tryptophan (105 mg/L) and HGA (60 mg/L) were recovered from the culture supernatant. The isolated HGA was found to have higher antioxidant activity (IC50 = 6.9 μg/mL) than α-tocopherol (IC50 = 17.6 μg/mL). The anti-inflammatory activity of the isolated HGA (IC50 = 10.14 μg/mL) was lower than that of quercetin (IC50 = 1.14 μg/mL). As a result, squid pen, a fishery processing byproduct, is a valuable material for the production of tryptophan and the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory HGA via microbial conversion.
The implementation of scrap recovery activities has been shown to improve the financial performance of many firms, and this kind of circular economy (CE) is particularly evident in industries with green manufacturing (GM). In this paper, we consider an imperfect multiple-stage production system that manufactures paired products made from mixed materials containing scrap returns, in which the scrap returns are converted from defective products. The feed rates of scrap returns for two products are different, and the product with the higher feed rate is placed in the second order of the process to avoid unlimited accumulation of scrap returns. The proposed problem is formulated as a joint economic order quantity (EOQ) and economic production quantity (EPQ) model aimed at cost minimization. The decision variables of the proposed model include the production run time of two products, order quantity of new material, and the extent of investment in converted equipment. We also prove that the optimal solution exists uniquely and provide an algorithm for the computation of the optimal solution. Finally, a numerical example involving the pulp and paper manufacturing industry is provided to illustrate the solution process, and the results of its sensitivity analysis are also presented to show some managerial implications.
Purpose
Programmed cell death 6 (PDCD6) is a calcium sensor participating in T-cell receptor-, Fas-, and glucocorticoid-induced programmed cell death. At the sites of lung tumors, the expression of PDCD6 is higher than that in non-tumor tissues. However, the contribution of variant PDCD6 genotypes to lung cancer is largely unknown. The current study aimed to evaluate the contributions of the PDCD6 rs4957014 and rs3756712 genotypes to the risk of lung cancer.
Patients and methods
The contributions of PDCD6 genotypes to lung cancer risk were examined among 358 patients with lung cancer and 716 age- and gender-matched healthy controls by typical polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methodology.
Results
The results showed that the GG but not the GT genotype of PDCD6 rs4957014 was associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer (odds ratio (OR) =0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) =0.23–0.72,
p
=0.0013). The analysis of allelic frequency distributions showed that the G allele of PDCD6 rs4957014 decreased lung cancer susceptibility (
p
=0.0090). There was no association between PDCD6 rs3756712 genotypes and lung cancer risk. Interestingly, the GG genotype at PDCD6 rs4957014 significantly decreased the risk of lung cancer among males (adjusted OR =0.29, 95% CI =0.14–0.57) and smokers (adjusted OR =0.34, 95% CI =0.18–0.61) but not among females and non-smokers.
Conclusion
The GG genotype of PDCD6 rs4957014 may decrease lung cancer risk in males and smokers and may serve as a practical marker for early detection and the incidence of lung cancer in Taiwan.
Background/Aim: Interleukin-16 has been reported to exhibit tumoricidal effects, however, the contribution of IL-16 genotypes to lung cancer is still largely unrevealed. This study aimed at investigating whether IL-16 genotypes contribute to lung cancer susceptibility. Materials and Methods: IL-16 rs4778889, rs11556218, and rs4072111 genotypic characteristics were determined among 358 lung cancer patients and 716 controls via the polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methodology. Results: The highlight finding is that the distributions of genotypic (p=8.6E-10) and allelic (p=0.0001) frequencies of IL-16 rs11556218 was significantly different between cases and controls. In detail, the frequencies of IL-16 rs11556218 heterozygous variant TG and homozygous variant GG were 36.6 and 7.3% among the lung cancer patients, significantly higher than those among the controls (22.5% and 2.6%). On the other way, no difference was observed regarding IL-16 rs4778889 or IL-16 rs4072111. Conclusion: The present study indicates IL-16 rs11556218 G allele is significantly associated with increased Taiwan lung cancer risk.
Since the data storage capacity per unit area of a QR code is very limited, it is restricted in various QR code applications. An approach is proposed based on visual skew to improve the data capacity of the QR code. The proposed method can enhance the capacity of the QR code per unit area by using different angle views to combine several QR codes together. The storage capacity of the proposed mechanism can be increased 1.5 times per unit area more than that of the normal QR code.
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