Structural lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) members have demonstrated greater fire endurance periods than equivalent thickness members made with normal-weight aggregates. Superior performance is due to a combination of lower thermal conductivity, lower coefficient of thermal expansion, and the inherent thermal stability developed by aggregates that have been exposed temperature greater than 1050°C during preprocessing. Furthermore, LWAC exhibits relatively high thermal insulating value, of which the thermal conductivity can be half as much as that of ordinary normal-weight concrete (NWC). Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to implement fire resistance testing for structural and non-structural elements made of LWAC and NWC to assess and compare their fire behavior.
This study aims to develop the mix proportion of concrete incorporating water purification sludge (WPS), as parts of fine aggregate and consequently investigate its mechanical properties and durability. The experiments involve three sludges from Da-Nan, Lin-Nei and Nan-Hua water treatment plants in Taiwan. In addition to the control mixture without WPS, four replacement levels of 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of fine aggregate were selected for preparing the concrete mixture. The concretes tested were designed to have three target compressive strengths of 14MPa, 18MPa and 21MPa. Test results show that the compressive strengths of the Da-Nan and Lin-Nei WPS concretes meet the design requirements, and the strength of the Nan-Hua WPS concrete is lower to be only suitable for application in low strength concretes. The shrinkage deformation of the Da-Nan and Lin-Nei WPS concretes increase with the increase of sludge replacement level, however, the shrinkage deformation decreases with the increase of the compressive strength of concrete. If the sludge replacement ratio is less than 40%, its effect on the compressive strength of the Da-Nan and Lin-Nei WPSs concrete is limited whether they are cured in water or in the air.
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