This paper addresses a fictitious accident scenario involving an ammonia storage tank in a
refinery. Ammonia is used in a deNOx system. In a selective catalytic reduction environment,
a refinery stack gas containing nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide is decomposed into nitrogen
and water vapor. In this study, a cylindrical ammonia tank is “bleved” (boiling-liquid, expanding-vapor explosion (BLEVE)) with an external fire. We developed a computer model in order to
determine the thermal response of a horizontal ammonia tank involved in fire engulfment
accidents. The assessment of the separation distance between tanks and protection measures
such as water spray cooling were also discussed. Further, we examined the relief device design
and studied the open-system thermal response as well as pressure response effects in the event
of a BLEVE for the ammonia tank.
In this study, the commercial chemical process simulator, PRO/II W V8.1.1, is implemented to perform the simulation of a coal gasification-based co-production system, of which the feedstock is kaltim prima coal from Indonesia, and the products are electricity and dimethyl ether (DME). There are five major blocks in the multi-product plant, i.e. air separation unit (ASU), gasification unit, gas clean-up unit, combined-cycle, and DME synthetic unit. ASU utilizes cryogenic air separation process, which provides oxygen with 95 mol% purity to the gasification unit and nitrogen to the combinedcycle. General Electric technologies are employed in the study, i.e. quench-type slurry-fed gasifier for the former and 7FB-series turboset for the latter. The clean-up unit includes dry solids removal, syngas scrubbing, sulfur compounds removal, and sulfur recovery processes, which are implemented to deliver clean syngas to further processes and elemental sulfur from H 2 S. The clean syngas is divided into two equal streams to generate electricity and produce DME, simultaneously. The results show that the gross and net electrical power outputs are 371.6 and 275.1 MW, respectively; furthermore, the yield of DME is 51.78 mt/h. In summary, the net efficiency of the coal gasification-based multi-product plant is 46.1% (HHV), which is higher than the counterpart of typical integrated gasification combined-cycle plants by over four percentage points.
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