U radu se prikazuju rezultati arheoloških istraživanja na osam nalazišta sopotske kulture na području sjeverno od Đakovštine. Nalazišta su u raznim stupnjevima istraženosti – od zračne daljinske prospekcije i rekognosciranja, do arheološkoga iskopavanja te primjene magnetometrijske metode. Istraživanjima se ustanovilo kako su nalazišta sopotske kulture mnogo većega opsega i mnogo kompleksnije strukture nego što se to do sada smatralo te se predlaže reevaluacija dosadašnjih spoznaja. Sva su naselja omeđena s jednim ili više opkopa, osim naselja Đakovo – Grabrovac/Ciglana za kojega nije moguće utvrditi da li je imalo opkop, budući da je veći dio nalazišta uklonjen aktivnostima ciglane. Nalazi s osam naselja analizirani su tipološki i kronološki u kontekstu ostalih nalazišta sopotske kulture na području Slavonije.
Archeological excavations and field survey of Neolithic sites during the last 100 years have formed a certain framework within which we developed an interpretation of Neolithic life in this area. Even though researchers have stressed the importance of sites, region, or period in their publications, most of the results revealed very modest remains of Neolithic settlements, too small or too scarce to provide insight in settlement size, organization, and other aspects of life. A combination of non-destructive methods of research is proving to be a more effective means of Neolithic site detection and interpretation. Here, we present the sites Gorjani-Kremenjača, Koritna-Pašnik, Gat-Svetošnice, Ivanovac-Korođvar, Klisa-Groblje, and Brdo, whose size and shape were defined through a combination of the analysis of aerial and satellite imagery and geomagnetic survey. Experience in combined research strategies will help us in our efforts to define parameters in recognizing regularities in the remains of settlement organization visible only from the air. Our results showed a complex network of densely populated settlements with elaborate internal organization and infrastructure varying in size from 10 to 50 ha. All settlements were surrounded by at least one set of ditches. Their internal organization was complex and suggests dense habitation. Many sites have several ditched spaces organized in complex systems. Obtained data and results provide a comprehensive review in a wider European context.
Neolitička naselja (6./5. tisućljeće pr. Kr.) okružena opkopom rasprostiru se širom Europe, pa i na prostoru istočne Hrvatske o čemu postoji opsežna bibliografija. Istraživanja provedena posljednjih nekoliko godina utvrdila su postojanje do sada nezabilježenoga načina formiranja i organizacije takvih naselja na području istočne Hrvatske – naselja u parovima. Novi tip naselja utvrđen je daljinskim istraživanjima snimanjem iz aviona kao i drona, u kombinaciji sa serijama satelitskih i avionskih vertikalnih snimaka, a rezultati terenskih pregleda tako otkrivenih nalazišta potvrdili su kako su navedena naselja uglavnom višeslojna, dugotrajna te pripadaju sopotskoj kulturi, pri čemu se okvirno mogu datirati u 5. tisućljeće pr. Kr.
The process of archaeological inference begins prior to the beginning of interpretation or even the actual discovery of a particular object. Certain objects, materials, or groups of finds raise more intense interest among researchers and general public alike. Object made of precious materials and minerals are particularly attractive, especially if they are recovered from even more attractive contexts such as richly furnished graves or groups of objects found together – hoards. Objects deposited in groups of identical or similar artefacts, particularly if laid into a recipient such as a vessel or a casket, have raised attention for centuries or even longer. Researchers and general audience are equally interested in hoards consisting of precious metals, jewellery, weapons, and principally of coins. In the context of archaeological research and interpretation, hoards consisting of ordinary everyday objects, such as raw and semi-processed materials and tools, also figure prominently. In their form and context, they are similar to hoards containing precious objects, and are therefore intriguing to researchers, since it is expected that some of enduring questions on behaviour of prehistoric people, especially in symbolic domain, will be solved by examining these finds. Ascribing symbolic meaning to hoards has been the constant practice of archaeologists from the times of formation of professional archaeology till today. This text is a review of interpretations of stone and bronze hoards, registered in the region of the valley of Sava, and dated into late Neolithic and Late Bronze Age. The exceptionality of the finds in the perception of archaeologists dictates the archaeological interpretation, not only of the particular find, but also of the whole context. Hoards and depositions, along with many other archaeological assemblages of finds, are mainly interpreted according to the dominant narrative and conceptual framework of prehistoric society as the one of primordial communities, whose every action is imbued by ritual and mystery, at the same time being exceptionally rational in their economic relations.
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