The iron oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized in co-precipitation method using aqueous solution of ferric and ferrous ions with sodium salt. The synthesis of iron-oxide nanoparticles were validated by UV-Visible spectroscopy which showed higher peak at 370 nm as valid standard reference. An average size of iron oxide nanoparticle found by Diffraction Light scattering (DLS) particle size analyser, ranges approximately between 10 nm to 120 nm with mean particle size of 66 nm. The X-ray power diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the crystallographic structure of magnetic particles. Characterization of the mean particle size and morphology of iron oxide nanoparticles confirmed that the iron oxide nanoparticles are nearly spherical and crystalline in shape. Further the antibacterial effect of iron oxide nanoparticles was evaluated against ten pathogenic bacteria which showed that the nanoparticles have moderate antibacterial activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative pathogenic bacterial strains and retains potential application in pharmaceutical and biomedical industries

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The present study was focused on the potentiality of agro-based residues for the production of pectinase to meet the growing market demand by improving the yield with low cost of production. Among the agro-based residues used for the production of pectinase, apple pomace was able to produce the maximum of 1366.30 ± 36.71 U/ml using Aspergillus parvisclerotigenus KX928754 in liquid static surface fermentation, followed by sugarcane bagasse (973.12 ± 22.43 U/ml) and used tea (686.7 ± 45.06 U/ml). The process parameters optimization using a single variable at a time affirmed that pH 7.0, incubation period of 168 h, 30°C temperature, sucrose 2% as carbon source and peptone 3% as nitrogen source was found to be optimum for better production. The crude filtrate was purified by precipitation, dialyzed, eluted on Sephadex G-100 column followed by lyophilization and stored at −20°C. A. parvisclerotigenus KX928754 pectinase was purified to 2.10-fold, 2.91% of yield rate and having a specific activity of 1081.66 U/mg. Moreover, the electrophoretic analysis through sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed 37.4 kDa of protein from the purified pectinase. Thus, the use of apple pomace as a substrate for scaling up pectinase with efficient recovery could reduce the price of the enzyme and increase its avenue for different industrial exploitation.