Abstract. A homogeneous real polynomial p is hyperbolic with respect to a given vector d if the univariate polynomial t → p(x − td) has all real roots for all vectors x. Motivated by partial differential equations, Gårding proved in 1951 that the largest such root is a convex function of x, and showed various ways of constructing new hyperbolic polynomials. We present a powerful new such construction, and use it to generalize Gårding's result to arbitrary symmetric functions of the roots. Many classical and recent inequalities follow easily. We develop various convex-analytic tools for such symmetric functions, of interest in interior-point methods for optimization problems over related cones.
A function F on the space of n × n real symmetric matrices is called spectral if it depends only on the eigenvalues of its argument. Spectral functions are just symmetric functions of the eigenvalues. We show that a spectral function is twice (continuously) differentiable at a matrix if and only if the corresponding symmetric function is twice (continuously) differentiable at the vector of eigenvalues. We give a concise and usable formula for the Hessian.
The singular values of a rectangular matrix are nonsmooth functions of its entries. In this work we study the nonsmooth analysis of functions of singular values. In particular we give simple formulae for the regular subdifferential, the limiting subdifferential, and the horizon subdifferential, of such functions. Along the way to the main result we give several applications and in particular derive von Neumann's trace inequality for singular values. (2000): Primary 90C31, 15A18; secondary 49K40, 26B05.
Mathematics Subject Classifications
In this work we continue the nonsmooth analysis of absolutely symmetric functions of the singular values of a real rectangular matrix. Absolutely symmetric functions are invariant under permutations and sign changes of its arguments. We extend previous work on subgradients to analogous formulae for the proximal subdifferential and Clarke subdifferential when the function is either locally Lipschitz or just lower semicontinuous. We illustrate the results by calculating the various subdifferentials of individual singular values. Another application gives a nonsmooth proof of Lidskii's theorem for weak majorization.
This paper studies the differentiability properties of the projection onto the cone of positive semidefinite matrices. In particular, the expression of the Clarke generalized Jacobian of the projection at any symmetric matrix is given.
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