IntroductionThe purpose of the study was to find out the relationship of hyper-pronated foot with anterior pelvic tilt and dynamic balance in recreational runners. Hyper-pronated foot is a functional deformity which mainly affects the total body kinematic chain during dynamic weight-bearing events such as running when the foot lands on the ground. Furthermore, individuals with hyper-pronated foot may exhibit anterior pelvic tilt owing to the biomechanical relations, which alters balance as well. Runners with hyper-pronated feet are at high risk of injury, possibly because of larger torque generated at the lower limb.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in 55 healthy recreational runners with hyper-pronated foot aged 19–30 years. They were assessed by foot posture index for hyper-pronated foot, Star Excursion Balance Test for dynamic balance evaluation, and the photogrammetry method to determine the anterior pelvic tilt angle.ResultsThe results revealed a poor correlation between foot posture index and dynamic body balance (<i>r</i> = 0.23) and a moderate correlation between foot posture index and anterior pelvic tilt angle (<i>r</i> = 0.47).ConclusionsThere was no significant correlation of foot posture index with dynamic body balance, whereas a minimal correlation was found between foot posture index and the anterior pelvic tilt angle. Therefore, hyper-pronated foot does not significantly directly influence balance or posture.
A 49-year-old male patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus and Diabetic Foot Syndrome (DFS) was evaluated by comprehensive diabetic foot assessment. A 10-session photobiomodulation therapy (low-level laser therapy) was prescribed for neuropathic pain and symptoms applying the scanning and probe method. Customized insoles were recommended for redistributing the plantar pressures and reducing stress on the diabetic foot’s plantar surface for 4 weeks. Dynamic plantar pressure distribution, lower limb kinematics, and postural sway were evaluated using WinTrack dynamic pressure platform. Photobiomodulation therapy with customized insoles is useful in the redistribution and treatment of plantar pressure and gait kinematics. This approach should be extensively used in DFS as preventive and treatment measures.
Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a serious complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The most common symptoms are neuropathic pain and altered sensorium due to damage to small nerve fibers. Altered plantar pressure distribution is also a major risk factor in diabetic peripheral neuropathy, which can lead to diabetic foot ulcers.
Objective: The objective of this systematic review was to analyze the various studies involving photobiomodulation therapy on neuropathic pain and plantar pressure distribution in diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Methods: We conducted a systematic review (PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane) to summarise the evidence on photobiomodulation therapy for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Randomized and non-randomized studies were included in the review.
Results: This systematic review included 8 studies, in which photobiomodulation therapy showed improvement in neuropathic pain and nerve conduction velocity. It also reduced plantar pressure distribution, which is a high risk for developing foot ulcers.
Conclusion: We conclude that photobiomodulation therapy is an effective, noninvasive, and cost-efficient means to improve neuropathic pain and altered plantar pressure distribution in diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Introduction: Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) is one of the common non-invasive diagnostic tools available for diagnosing Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD). However, it has been observed that for an individual diagnosed with both PAD and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), ABI tends to give false diagnostic value because of the calcification of the major lower limb arteries. Therefore, the health care professionals are at times misled for the diagnosis of PAD. To overcome this another diagnostic tool Toe Brachial Index (TBI) was suggested to perform. However, there is limited literature on performing both ABI and TBI in the given population in a single study.Aim: The main focus of this study is to report the profile of ABI and TBI along with classical symptoms like claudication pain, palpation of pulse and history of T2DM for the screening and diagnosis of PAD in T2DM.Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, a total of 121 participants diagnosed with T2DM were recruited for the study as per the inclusion criteria. Detailed demographic details of the participants were noted. Diagnostic tool including both ABI and TBI were performed for all the participants and the data was analysed.Results: Among 121 participants, only 3 participants had both ABI and TBI positive indicating positive diagnostic test for PAD and 106 participants had both ABI and TBI negative. However, in the remaining 12 participants, 10 showed TBI positive but ABI negative and 2 had ABI positive but TBI negative.Conclusions: Based on our study we have reported the profile of PAD in T2DM individuals, which is found to be 10.75.%. Therefore, it can be concluded that ABI and TBI both should be performed to rule out any complication. This will be beneficial in early screening and detection of neuro ischemic changes in foot and subsequently to prevent amputation.
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