Obstructive sleep apnea is an under recognized and under diagnosed medical condition, with a myriad of negative consequences on patients health and society as a whole. The most acting reason behind Obstructive sleep apnea given as in literature is due to recurrent episodes of upper airway (UA) collapse during sleep. Episodes may last 10 seconds or longer and commonly last 30 seconds or longer. From the mid-1990s to the present, we have seen an explosion of basic, clinical, and population research directed toward the prevalence, causes, consequences, and treatment of this long-standing, although only recently appreciated, problem. Sleep apnea has attracted a myriad of researchers from diverse disciplines and clinical subspecialties. At the same time, sleep apnea as a serious, undefined clinical problem has also given birth to many sleep medicine clinics throughout the western world. Finally, given the relatively high prevalence of this sleep-specific problem with potential carryover to daytime pathology, sleep apnea has provided great impetus to the growth of sleep medicine as a clinical and research specialty. Dentists have been involved in the collaborative evaluation and treatment of patients with OSA using oral appliances from 1980. Importantly, dentists play a crucial role in evaluating patients with OSA for the suitability of appliance therapy, choosing and adjusting the appliance and assessing the patient for adverse effects. To accomplish holistic treatment approach it is essential that dentists and the sleep medicine physician should work collaboratively. When this occurs, patients will have the best opportunity for the effective treatment of their OSA.
There are several reasons why pediatric dentist should understand the development of dental occlusion. One of the major objectives of orthodontic treatment is to correct occlusal problems. Much of the need for this treatment could be avoided if children received the proper dental care at earlier ages. Development of occlusion is a genetically and environmentally conditioned process, which shows a great deal of individual variations, and consequently, for the development of an acceptable occlusion, quite a remarkable co-ordination of different events is necessary. The development of occlusion depends on a number of conditions, like muscular pressure, habits, availability of space, etc. This development is coincident with the growth of all tissues associated with the dental apparatus, including the nose, maxillary sinuses, facial bones and muscles. Failure in one part of the development process may lead to anomalies, or else may be compensated for by other developmental processes. Thus Proper care of the developing deciduous and permanent teeth, both at the dental office and at home, is important for the appropriate development of occlusion. and timely diagnosis followed by appropriate interception can prevent any developing malocclusion. This article is an overview which depicts (1) periods of development of occlusion, (2) outline the development of normal occlusion in the pediatric patient and (3) explain what occlusion of the teeth is and why it is important.
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