Emmerie-Engel Mg. per gram Alfalfa leaf meal 0,23 0.26 Beet leaf meal 0.44 0.71 Broccoli leaf meal 0.39 0.42 Kale leaf meal 0.36 0.39 Lima bean leaf meal 0.72 0.70 Rhubarb leaf meal 1.24 1,20 Spinach leaf meal 0.42 0.40 Turnip leaf meal 0.34 0.30 Mash, 5% alfalfa 0.02 Mash, 2.5% broccoli 0.02 Scratch corn 0.00 Fresh carrot root 0' 14fi 0.13' Fresh carrot top 0.79" 0.56' Frozen spinach 0.47" 0.43' a Calculated on moisture-free basis.than the Emmerie-Engel value. Hickman et al. ( 6) report an analysis of a mixture of foods in which the Furter-Meyer value was 1400% higher than the Emmerie-Engel result. These extreme discrepancies are undoubtedly due to insufficient purification of the extracts prior to color measurement. The Emmerie-Engel procedure is much more sensitive than the Furter-Meyer, and hence is more convenient for low potency samples. SUMMARYThe Furter-Meyer and Emmerie-Engel methods for determination of tocopherol have been applied to plant extracts. In both cases, dry plant materials are extracted with Skellysolve B, and fresh materials with an ethanol-petroleum ether solution, the alcohol then being removed. It is necessary to purify the sample before the final estimation can be made. Chlorophyll and xanthophyll are separated from tocopherols by adsorption on a Supercel-activated magnesia column. Carotene and tocopherolquinones are then destroyed by treatment with 85% sulfuric acid.
Application of different concentrations of ethephon (2‐chloroethylphosphonic acid) to Papaver somniferum L. at the times of stem elongation, bud, and capsule formation produced different effects. Ethephon (10‐2M) retarded growth of the plant and inhibited capsule formation during stem elongation, significantly reduced capsule size during the flowering period, but did not alter capsule development during capsule formation. When applied during the period of stem elongation, ethephon (10‐3M and 10‐4M) reduced capsule size; alkaloid accumulation was reduced by ethephon at a concentration of 10‐3M, but slightly increased by 10‐4M. Ethephon (10‐3M and 10‐4M) did not alter capsule development or alkaloid content significantly when applied during bud formation, but stimulated capsule size and alkaloid content when applied during capsule formation. Pretreating the plants with Ag+ (silver nitrate) did not reverse the ethephon effect. The results suggest that capsule maturation and alkaloid accumulation in P. somniferum are modified by ethylene, which is produced as a result of exogenous ethephon treatment.
Chapter 16 includes a group of cases that relate to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990. Most of the cases involve Title II of the Act, specifically that no individual with a disability can be denied services by public entities. The disabilities claimed in the cases vary broadly, from HIV to carpal tunnel syndrome to schizophrenia, but they are all critical in defining accommodations for individuals with disabilities. Settings of alleged discrimination highlighted include workplace, housing, involuntary treatment, hospitalization and police encounters. Olmstead v. Zimring is particularly relevant to psychiatry because it addressed the concern about institutional warehousing of mentally disabled individuals. Other cases in this section include City of Cleburne, Texas v. Leburne Living Center, Carter v. General Motors, Bragdon v. Abbott, Pennsylvania v. Yeskey, Toyota v. Williams, Hargrave v. Vermont, U.S. v. Georgia, Disability Rights of New Jersey, Inc. v. Commissioner, New Jersey, and Sheehan v. City of San Francisco.
Formally established in 1976 by the U.S. Department of Commerce, the National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) is designed to examine the professional and technical competence of private and public testing laboratories at their request. The Department will grant or deny accreditation to testing laboratories based on its assessment of their competence. Actions undertaken in NVLAP are based on established standards and test methods in specific product area. NVLAP benefits consumers and manufacturers by assuring more consistent product testing. It benefits government agencies and industry associations by providing procedures for accrediting laboratories which could be used as part of their product certification programs. Additionally, NVLAP benefits laboratories by providing a focus for increased professionalism and by minimizing the number of bodies whose approvals the laboratory may find it necessary to obtain. The first accreditations were granted on 12 October 1979 to 30 laboratories that test thermal insulation materials. The Department currently has programs for three product areas: thermal insulations materials, freshly mixed field concrete, and carpet. Laboratories applying under these three programs are currently being assessed. New programs for accrediting laboratories that test other products are being considered.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.