Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder under-diagnosed and widespread among adults and children. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of functional genioplasty on the upper airway and on the improvement of nasal breathing. Material and method:A sample of 10 adults with OSA, skeletal open bite and normal body mass index were collected and divided into 2 groups; The first group received orthodontic treatment associated with a functional genioplasty, the second, the control group did not receive genioplasty. Clinical and cephalometric comparison was carried out between the two groups in order to assess the effect of genioplasty on aeropharyngeal space and consequently on respiration.Results: Patients having undergone genioplasty have a higher SNB value, a lower PP-PM as well as an increased Min-EA, EA-PP, EA-PO values. Conclusion:These preliminary results are in favor of the contribution of functional genioplasty, not only in the reduction of the vertical sense, but also in the increase of the aeropharyngeal space
Background: Surgically assisted maxillary expansion has been used for the treatment of transverse maxillary deficiency in adult patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate, through a systematic review, the effect of this therapy on the dimensions of the aeropharyngeal dimensions and on the improvement of nasal ventilation. Materiel and method: 5 databases have been explored from 2010 (Pubmed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science) using keywords expansion AND airway AND volum. After evaluating title, abstract and full text of articles found from databases, only 11 matching the inclusion criteria were included in the systematic review. Results: All the studies have shown that, in addition to its action on the maxillary bone, surgically-assisted maxillary expansion induces also an enlargement of the nasal floor and a reduction in airflow resistance, which promotes an improvement in nasal breathing. Conclusion: this surgical approach may lead to a modification in upper airway’s dimension and improvement of nasal ventilation.
Background: Genetic and environmental contribution in the etiology and shape of malocclusion has long been a controversy for the authors. In fact, even though craniofacial deformations are the result of both genetic and environmental factors, there is irrefutable evidence for the high genetic control on craniofacial development and for the significant genetic influence in many dental, occlusal and skeletal variables. The aim of this twin's case report is to clinically show the role of each of these two factors on the expression of abnormalities and particular traits. Case presentation: The case reflect 10-year-old twins who consulted for their anterior overlap. The comparison between the twins is done through clinical and cephalometric investigation. The clinical examination revealed a great resemblance between the two patients both at the extra-oral (ortho-frontal profil, nasolabial angle, the shape of the forehead, cervico-chin distance) and intra-oral view (Palatoposition of the maxillary lateral incisors, molar class I, mandibular arch perfectly identical with mirror effect), Cephalometric analysis revealed a very high morphological similarity (identical skeletal class III, biproalveolia, hyperdivergenc and the position of mandibular incisor). Conclusion:The existence of a very important genetic control on craniofacial development and the installation of dysmorphosis is undeniable, in particular on skeletal class III and hyperdivergence. But the severity of these dysmorphosis can also be increased by environmental and behavioral factors.
Background: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is considered to be a real public health problem, often unrecognized or underdiagnosed, requiring multidisciplinary care including orthodontics that plays an essential role in the screening and the management of ventilation. Objective: The aim of our study is to explain the important place of orthodontic therapies, whether orthopedic or surgical, in the multidisciplinary management of OSA and in the improvement of nasal breathing through a systematic review. Material and methods: A search of the literature was performed in the following databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library . The search was limited to publications written in English and French from 2010 to January 2022. Results: On the basis of the keywords, eighty-three references were initially identified. After the elimination of duplicates, the number of articles was reduced to seventy-nine. The study of the titles and abstracts made it possible to select fifty articles. After reading the full text, sixteen publications were included in this systematic review. Eight studies have investigated rapid maxillary expansion (RME), five studies have evaluated the effect of mandibular advancement (MA) and three studies have investigated the effect of genioplasty in children with OSA. Conclusion: Orthodontic arsenal, whether orthopedic, orthodontic, or surgical correction of jaws, is well suited and extremely beneficial for OSA treatment.
Introduction les points A et B sont des repères squelettiques utilisés dans les études céphalométriques afin d´évaluer les rapports sagittaux entre le maxillaire et la mandibule, respectivement. L´objectif de ce travail est d´évaluer la fiabilité des points A et B comme repères squelettiques en étudiant l´influence du repositionnement incisif sur leur position céphalométrique. Méthodes la superposition des tracés céphalométriques de début et de fin de traitement de 30 patients hors croissance, présentant une biproalvéolie, et ayant bénéficié d´un traitement orthodontique avec extraction des quatre premières prémolaires a été réalisée pour évaluer le changement de la position des points A et B. Le seuil de significativité a été fixé à 0,05. Résultats dans notre étude, nous avons trouvé que le traitement orthodontique n´influence pas de manière statistiquement significative la position du point A. tandis que le point B est influencé de manière statistiquement significative par la quantité du repositionnement incisif (p= 0,01). En effet pour chaque 1 mm de repositionnement incisif, le point B recule de 0,17mm. Conclusion le repositionnement incisif à l´arcade mandibulaire a induit un changement dans la position du point B vers l´arrière.
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