In this study, the bundle elongation and tenacity of cotton fibers were measured using a modified tensile testing instrument to which Pressley clamps (1/8” gage length) were adapted. 32 cotton genotypes with a range of bundle tenacity and elongation were carefully selected based on their distinct physical properties. The work of rupture was calculated from the load vs. elongation curves for each type of cotton. Results demonstrated the importance of fiber bundle elongation in the work of rupture of fiber bundles, which is critically important to processing performance. This study lays a foundation for future efforts to calibrate the high volume instrument elongation measurements and to breed new cultivars with improved work of rupture. This should result in lower fiber breakage when the cotton fibers are submitted to different mechanical stresses (ginning, carding, spinning, and weaving).
For a long time the mechanical properties of cotton fibers have been studied and reviewed [1]. These properties are important factors in the assessment of the cotton products' quality. Since yarn strength is determined by fiber strength and fiber interactions [2,3], attempts have been made to correlate yarn and single-fiber strength [4] and it has been demonstrated that yarns typically use approximately 30-70% of the single-fiber strength [2]. The strength of cotton is related to the fiber structure, the microfibrils' orientation, the cellulose chains' molecular weight, the crystalline structure perfection and the microfibrils' convolution angle [5]. Many authors have attempted to correlate fiber strength with these parameters. Timpa and Ramey [6] proposed correlating fiber strength with the cellulose molecular weight and its crystallinity. 1 Betrabet and Iyengar [7] declared that increasing the convolution angle of cotton fibers induces a decrease in the force required to break the fibers. Another study [8] indicated how strength varies with developing fibers of any given age. It has been observed that the fiber strength increases gradually with fiber growth and maturation. Most of these fiber strength data have been derived from bundle strength measurements. The fiber-bundle strength has been studied significantly in recent decades [9,10]; on the other hand, few researches have been performed on single-cotton fibers.Abstract The fibers for specific textile end-use applications will be selected basically through their mechanical properties. They are key elements in fiber selection for successful applications. The way a single fiber behaves when it breaks is a good indicator of the mechanical properties whereby the results can be correlated to their microstructure. In this respect, our research concerned four types of cotton provided by the Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute (FBRI), Lubbock, TX. Their length and their degree of maturity are different. The thickness and the maturity have first been defined by a microscopic analysis, which is completed by a macroscopic scale analysis. The measurement of characteristics, such as the fiber length distribution, has also been investigated. Two different types of cotton have been chosen for advanced mechanical studies: the single-fiber breakage with both tensile and fatigue testing has been carried out and the fiber morphology has been observed using a scanning electron microscope. The aim of our study is the morphological investigation of the cotton fiber by specifying the breaking mode of a single fiber.
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