Highlights d SKM can induce pluripotency in somatic cells in the absence of exogenous Oct4 d SM coexpression activates the retroviral silencing machinery in somatic cells d Oct4 overexpression drives massive off-target gene activation during reprogramming d OSKM, but not SKM, iPSCs show abnormal imprinting and differentiation patterns
High and low resveratrol (Res) contents in two cultivars are correlated with the expression abundance of Myb14 , which could directly activate transcriptional expression of stilbene synthase gene ( STS ). Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) is one of the natural polyphenols produced by secondary metabolism in some plants. Stilbene synthase (STS) is the key enzyme for the final step of precursor formation of resveratrol (Res) in grapevines. In this study, we found that Res contents in ripe berry skin were completely different in two grape cultivars, namely, 'Z168' (Vitis monticola × Vitis riparia) with high-Res and 'Jingzaojing' (Vitis vinifera) with low-Res. Moreover, the level of expression of STS gene was higher in the ripe berry skin of 'Z168' than in that of 'Jingzaojing'. To further investigate the underlying mechanisms, we conducted a co-expression analysis through transcriptomic data. We confirmed that Myb14, an R2R3 Myb transcription factor, is the direct regulator of STS by binding to Box-L5 motif. Moreover, the expression pattern of Myb14 is associated with the variation of Res content. To test this prediction, we conducted a number of experiments in vivo and in vitro. The expression patterns of Myb14 and STS in grapevine leaves were identical under a series of stimulus. Myb14 showed higher expression in the ripe berry skin of 'Z168' than in that of 'Jingzaojing'. Yeast one-hybrid assay indicated that grapevine Myb14 could interact with the promoter of STS in vitro, and the transient overexpression of Myb14 promoted the expression of STS. Furthermore, co-expressing 35S::Myb14 in transgenic Arabidopsis could activate GUS expression promoted by STS promoter. Thus, Myb14 is the direct activator of STS, and its expression pattern is associated with Res content variation in grapes.
An early warning model for occurrence of cucumber downy mildew in non-heated greenhouses was developed based on disease records and microclimatic parameter analysis. It also integrated empirical and fundamental forecasting models, early warning theory and plant protection product risk analysis. The thresholds for infection were a daily temperature range 5°C, daily mean RH 80% and daily mean temperature at 15-25°C in autumn. The temperature contribution rate for symptom appearance was measured by the reciprocal of the days of the inoculation period and the relationship was fitted by apolynomial of degree 3. Data recorded in two greenhouses were used to construct the model and its predictions were evaluated with an independent dataset. The warning source search, warning A07152;
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