Background/Aims The ability to eat and drink is the most important factor in health, survival and longevity. Children with cerebral palsy can suffer from severe dysphagia, which can lead to a high risk of aspiration and choking. As classifying eating and drinking ability in children with cerebral palsy is important in research and treatment, the aim of this study was to determine the cross-cultural validation and reliability of the Persian version of the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System. Methods After translation procedures, the face validity, content validity, test–retest reliability and interrater reliability of the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System were evaluated. In total, 130 parents of children with cerebral palsy and 34 therapists participated in the evaluation of the scale's reliability. The 73 boys and 57 girls with cerebral palsy were aged 3–20 years (mean age 4.4 years) and had various types of cerebral palsy. They were classified according to the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System by both their parents and the therapists. Results The overall results indicated that the words and sentences used were simple, clear, understandable, relevant and necessary. The intraclass correlation coefficients for test–retest reliability for parents, occupational therapists and speech therapists were 0.98, 0.98 and 0.995, respectively. The interrater reliability between parents and occupational therapists was 0.96, between parents and speech therapists was 0.95, and between occupational therapists and speech therapists was 0.985. Conclusions The Persian version of the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System seems to be valid and reliable. This system may be used to evaluate children with cerebral palsy.
In this report, we present a rare case of a vascular brachial plexus tumor. The patient was a 29-year-old woman with the chief complaint of progressive enlargement of a soft tissue mass in the left upper extremity, without any pain or sensory, motor, or neurologic deficits. The soft tissue mass had presented in the left deltopectoral groove eight years ago. However, the patient had not been evaluated in the past eight years and was only recently admitted to a referral hospital. After complete examination, she underwent surgery for a nerve sheath tumor of the brachial plexus.
Comparing time use patterns and self-efficacy in two groups of mothers, including mothers of children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) and mothers of children with typical development, is the main objective of this study. Methods: This study was carried out in 2017 in Arak, Iran, on 200 mothers. Multiple sources of the evaluation, including Mothers' Time Use Questionnaire and Sherer General Self-efficacy Questionnaire, were used. SPSS v. 22 software was used to analyze the data. Results: The Mean±SD age of children was 4.64±1.46 years in the group of children with CP and 4.64±1.47 in the group of children with typical development. Significant differences were found between groups in the amount of time spent in various occupations, including self-care, childcare and household, leisure, rest/sleep, and work. Mothers of children with CP significantly spent a bigger proportion of time on "rest/sleep" and "childcare and household" areas (P<0.001). However, mothers of children with typical development spent significantly more time in "Self-care" (P=0.01), "Leisure" (P<0.001), and "Work" (P<0.001) areas. Also, significant differences were found between groups in the level of satisfaction. Discussion: Lower total score of the time use questionnaire in the group of mothers of children with CP might be because of the nature of limitations and the negative burden of this type of disease in terms of socio-cultural and fewer health system services.
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