This paper aimed at analyzing six different advertisements (product/non-product ads) to investigate the intentions and techniques of consumer product companies to reach more consumers and sell more products. Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) appear as a useful approach for they offer excellent methods, not only for analyzing texts and images adequately, but also for putting them in analyzable relations to socio-cultural processes and changes. Norman Fairclough"s 3-D model and Kress and van Leeuwen"s grammar of visual design were used to analyze the data. Thus, the results of the present study showed that when a private producer intends to persuade the viewer to buy a special product, s/he gives the power to the viewer. While the producer of the ad is the government, she tries to show her power. However, it could be understood from the results that the producers, generally tend to use their power and ideology to change people"s behavior and thought.
We present a soft-potential-enhanced Poisson–Boltzmann (SPB) theory to efficiently capture ion distributions and electrostatic potential around rodlike charged macromolecules. The SPB model is calibrated with a coarse-grained particle-based model for polyelectrolytes (PEs) in monovalent salt solutions as well as compared to a full atomistic molecular dynamics simulation with the explicit solvent. We demonstrate that our modification enables the SPB theory to accurately predict monovalent ion distributions around a rodlike PE in a wide range of ion and charge distribution conditions in the weak-coupling regime. These include excess salt concentrations up to 1M and ion sizes ranging from small ions, such as Na+ or Cl−, to softer and larger ions with a size comparable to the PE diameter. The work provides a simple way to implement an enhancement that effectively captures the influence of ion size and species into the PB theory in the context of PEs in aqueous salt solutions.
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