Background:Animal bite is one of the problems of public health which has the potential risk of rabies disease. This study was conducted to determine the epidemiology of animal bite in Aq Qala city from 2000 to 2009.Materials and Methods:In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 13142 cases of animal bites which were recorded in Rabies Treatment Center of Aq Qala City were entered into the study by census method. The data were collected from the registered office profile of people who had referred to this center. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency distribution, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and Chi-square test.Findings:Of 13142 registered cases, 72.1% were men and 27.9% were women. The mean age of the victims was 25.0 ± 17.8 years, most of whom (84%) lived in villages. Also, most cases of animal bite were done by dogs, (97.8%) occurred in legs (69.6%). Most of the victims were students (28.9%). The highest frequency of bites happened in spring (28.8%). The incidence rate of animal bite was 1222/100,000 people. The highest and lowest incidence rates were 1608/100 000 in 2004 and 1117/100,000 in 2009, respectively. There was a significant relationship between season and the number of bites (P < 0.05).Conclusion:The incidence of animal bite in Aq Qala city was higher than that in other studies in different parts of the country. Considering the high cost of antirabies serum and vaccination, it is essential to take necessary measures reduce the incidence of this problem.

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BackgroundSelf-care behaviors are essential in controlling blood sugar and preventing mortality and complications of diabetes. The evidence suggests that social cognitive factors play crucial role in adopting self-care behaviors .. Objectivesthis study aimed to develop and examine the psychometric properties of the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire based on the social cognitive theory (DSMQ-SCT). MethodsThe present methodological cross-sectional study investigated 460 patients with T2DM referred to Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Centre, Isfahan, Iran using the convenience sampling method. We assessed the reliability (internal consistency), content validity, convergent validity and construct validity. Construct validity was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis (calibration sample=230) and con rmatory factor analysis (validation sample= 230). ResultsIn the EFA with the varimax rotation, we extracted four factors that could explain 65.9% of the total variance of the DSMQ-SCT scale. The CFA exhibited a satisfactory t level for the four-factor structure extracted from the EFA with the following measures. CFI: .971, IFI: .971, NFI: .942, TLI: .966, RMSEA:.046).Internal consistency was good (Cronbach's alpha coe cient for the whole scale: 0.88; the subscales: 0.85 to 0.92). The convergent validity showed signi cant negative correlations between DSMQ-SCT subscales and HbA1c. ConclusionThe DSMQ-SCT is a valid and reliable instrument to assess social cognitive factors associated with selfmanagement behaviors in patients with T2DM. Therefore, this instrument can be used in both future research and clinical practices.

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common infection in women, and it is more likely to occur during pregnancy due to mechanical and hormonal changes in pregnant women. Urinary tract infections can cause many complications for both mother and fetus. Given the roles of health behavior in the prevention of urinary tract infections and the nature of the theory of planned behavior-based education in behavioral change, the present study aimed to determine the effect of the theory of planned behavior-based education in teaching the urinary tract infection prevention behavior in pregnant women.Methods: The present study was a randomized controlled trial in which 100 pregnant women, who visited the comprehensive health service centers of Zarinshahr City, were randomly divided into two groups, intervention and control, containing 50 individuals. The data collection tools were a urine test and a questionnaire designed based on the theory of planned behavior. Five education sessions were held based on the constructs of the theory of planned behavior. We analyzed the effect of education review and data using independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney test, chi-square test, and repeated measures ANOVA (analysis of variance) one and three months after the educational intervention.Results: After implementing the educational intervention, the mean scores of knowledge and constructs of the theory of planned behavior significantly increased in the intervention group over time (P <0.001), while the difference was not significant in the control group over time. After the educational intervention, the incidence of urinary tract infections was 4.3 % in the intervention group and 21.3% in the control group.Conclusion: Given the positive effect of education based on the theory of planned behavior in changing the pregnant mothers' behavior, the theory can be used as a suitable intervention framework for implementing the educational programs to prevent urinary tract infections.Trial registration: Name: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials. Registration number: IRCT20170214032575N1. Registration date: 2019-12-12 [retrospectively registered].

BACKGROUND: Medication adherence means compliance with patient adherence to medication orders, including timely and correct consumption of medication prescribed by a physician. The present study aimed to determine the extent of adherence to hypertension drug medication in patients covered by comprehensive health service centers of Shahrekord, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study examined 401 hypertensive patients registered in the Integrated Health Record System (SIB). SIB is a Persian term related to Health Record System. To collect data, Morisky Medication Adherence Scale was used. The questionnaire was completed by the patients and analyzed using SPSS (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA, version 26), Chi-square test, independent t -test, and analysis of variance. RESULTS: The results indicated that adherence to antihypertensive medication was low in 5.7% of patients, while 63.3% of patients had sufficient compliance. Forgetting to take medications (52.9%) was the most common reason for nonadherence to medication in hypertensive patients. CONCLUSION: Given that forgetting to take medications was the main reason for nonadherence to medication in hypertensive patients, designing and implementing necessary trainings by comprehensive health centers to realize the importance of daily use of medication by hypertensive patients and their families are recommended.