Background/aim: India has 63 million diabetic people and the overall prevalence of diabetes in this country is 8.37%. Lifestyle modification by education is the most cost-effective strategy to have better metabolic control. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a self-management educational program on control of type 2 diabetes Materials and methods: It was a randomized controlled interventional study conducted among 306 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending the Diabetic Clinic at G.T.B. Hospital, Delhi, from March 2010 to May 2013. The intervention was in the form of group education based on a self-management program, which was earlier developed in the pilot study. Results:The baseline characteristics were comparable in the two groups. After 6 months, there was a significant improvement in the HbA1c levels (P = 0.0001), physical activity level (P = 0.001), and BMI (P = 0.001) in the study group as compared to the control group and this difference persisted even when analysis was done using generalized estimation equations. Conclusion:The findings of this study proved that a self-management educational program is an essential component in the management of diabetes and provided concrete evidence that this is an effective instrument in the control of body weight, blood pressure, and glycated Hb levels in type 2 diabetes.
Introduction: Considering the role of green schools in maintaining the health of the environment, optimizing energy consumption, increasing the quality of indoor spaces, reducing pollution and promoting learning in students and that another aspect of the quality of life related to the health of adolescents is the school environment, in this study We investigated the level of compliance of girls' first secondary schools in Yazd city with the indicators of green schools and its relationship with the quality of life of students. Methods: The design of this study is descriptive-cross-sectional which was carried out in 2020 and its sampling was done in a two-stage cluster by randomly selecting 11 schools in the first district and 13 schools in the second education district and then randomly selecting 11 students from each school. (264 students) and Anderson and Brook (2000) quality of life questionnaire was distributed electronically among students. And the questionnaire of green schools, some of the questions of which were evaluated by observation and by the researcher, and in some other school officials and teachers were asked to answer the questions based on the information they have about their school. The data was analyzed by SPSS software version 23 and the significance level was considered less than 0.05. Results: The results of the independent t-test showed that the overall quality of life score has no statistically significant difference with the grade of the green school (p-value=0.722), and in general, the average score of the dimension of negative emotions from the dimensions of the quality of life has a statistically significant difference with the grade of the green school. has (p-value = 0.033). Also, the average score of the emotions dimension of the dimensions of quality of life was higher in grade 2 green schools compared to grade 3 green schools. Considering this point, it is necessary to pay special attention to grade 3 green schools. Conclusion: According to the results, the green rating of schools helps to improve the dimension of negative emotions from the dimensions of quality of life, so it is suggested that by taking advantage of private sector investment, support and government policies, it can improve the green rating of schools and improve the quality of life of students
Introduction: Male infertility has increased during recent years in countries of the world including Iran. Among many factors that influence the infertility, smoking, alcohol, and addictive drugs were investigated in this study. Methods: This case-control retrospective study was conducted on 600 male patients consisting of 300 individuals with natural semen and 300 people with defective semen. The first step in investigation of infertility in each couple was to conduct a spermogram to detect the male infertility. The case group included men who referred to the Yazd Infertility Treatment Center and had at least one abnormal test result among considering the parameters of semen test. The control group included the men who referred to the same center and had normal semen test result. The data collection tools were a researcher-made checklist based on the parameters required for the study with epidemiological and observational design, as well as the semen analysis test. Results: The age mean in the case and control groups were 34.71 and 33.82 years with the standard deviation of ± 7.3 and ± 6.41, respectively. The means of marriage age in the case and control groups were 26.28 and 26.28 ±5.3 years, respectively. The mean duration of infertility in the case group was 6.30 ± 4.60 and in the control group was 5.15± 3.88. No significant difference was observed between the mean age (P = 0.084) and marital age (P = 0.448) in two groups, but the mean duration of infertility (P <0.001) was significantly different between the two groups .The prevalence of smoking was significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.032). Considering the daily frequency of smoking, the highest rate was 11-20 cigarettes in both groups (case group 21.7% and control group 15.3%). The P value was set at 0.018. Conclusion: In this study, smoking and consumption of alcohol were not considered as the predictive factors of semen quality, but consumption of drugs and the age of starting consumption of drugs had a significant relationship with the semen disorders.
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