No abstract

Background: Malnutrition is widely recognized as a major health problem in children in developing country. Malnutrition is a serious public health problem that has been linked to increase risk of morbidity and mortality .Many factors can cause malnutrition, most of which relate to poor diet, family size, family income, repeated ARI and diarrhea that may or may not causes electrolytes changes, particularly in underprivileged populations. Objective: To determine the serum electrolyte disturbances in malnourished under 5 children with or without diarrhea. Methodology: This is a descriptive study and conducted among 100 under 5 malnourished children of randomly selected in admitted patient of Dhaka Shishu Hospital. It was carried out during January-2015 to December-2017. They were suffering from different grades of malnutrition with or without diarrhea. On the basis of history, physical examination and anthropometrics measurement they were divided into Group A patients (n=56) who were malnourished but had diarrhoea and Group B patients (n=44) who were also malnourished and had no diarrhoea. Serum electrolytes were done in patients of both groups and the results were analyzed statistically by using SPSS windows programs 21. Results: Analysis of serum electrolytes in both groups that hyponatremia and hypokalemia were seen more frequently in patients of group A as compared to group B. In group A hyponatremia was seen in 41 patients (71.92%) while it was observed in 16 patients (28.07%) in group B (p<0.00), hypokalemia was seen in 27 patients (69.23%) in group A and in 12 patients (30.76%) in group B (p<0.03). Conclusions: Electrolyte changes were commonly seen in moderate and severe malnourished children particularly who presented with diarrhoeal episode of variable duration. If these changes are diagnosed in time the morbidity and mortality decreased. J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, December 2020, Vol.12(1); 50-53

Introduction: Anemia is a common health problem worldwide. It is an important cause of morbidity and mortality of young and growing children in rural areas of developing countries. Young growing anemic children have various clinical symptoms including, pallor, Jaundice, fever, cough, breathlessness, hyper-pigmentation, tremors, and hepatosplenomegaly. Aim of the Study: Aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical manifestations, and grades of anaemia in different age groups. Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Paediatrics at Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 95 patients were enrolled and analyzed in this study from July 2021 to December 2021. Result: In the present study of the prevalence of anemia and hematological parameters in children aged 1-18 years 10(10.53%) children were <1 year, 37(38.95%) were between 1-5 years, 28(29.47%) were aged between 6-10 years, and 11(11.58%) were between 11-15 years. Types of anemia were 46.32% had iron deficiency, 29(30.53%) had thalassemia. The clinical manifestation included 95 (100%) pallor, 79(83.16%) weakness and fatigability, 35(36.84%) fever, 25(26.32%) Icterus, 19(20.00%) shortness of breath, 17(17.80%) hepatomegaly. According to grade of anemia, 21.05% of patients had mild, 46.32% of patients had moderate anemia, and 32.63% had a severe grade of anemia. Conclusion: Besides haematological investigations for typing of anemia, Haemoglobin electrophoresis establishes the disease in haemoglobinopathies. Adequate health and healthy nutritional habits and prescription of Iron supplements are of great importance in the prevention and management of anemia in children assisted by public health services.

Background: In slum area there is a very high prevalence of malnutrition. Many factors can cause malnutrition, most of which relate to immunization, socio economic condition and repeated infections, particularly in underprivileged population. Objectives: To observe the nutritional status and effect of immunization and socio economic condition on malnutrition among under-5 children in a selected slum of Dhaka city. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 384 under-5 children randomly selected from PWD slum in Dhaka city. It was carried out during January- 2013 to December-2014. Anthropometric measurements like wasting was determined from weight for height Z-score, stunting was determined from height for age Z-score, underweight was determined from weight for age Z-score and malnutrition also assessed by Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: In this study in slum 40.36% were found malnourished according to MUAC, according to weight for height Z-score wasting was present in 29.43% children, according to height for age Z-score stunting was found in 28.39% and according to weight for age Z-score underweight was found in 46.89% children. There is a decreased number of malnutrition cases when family income rise. Out of the 384 study children 68% were completely immunized, 16.9% were incompletely immunized and rest 15.1% were not immunized. Number of MUAC malnutrition, wasting, stunting and underweight cases increases in cases of incomplete immunization and no immunization. Conclusions: Overall, nutritional status of the under-5 child of slum of PWD is not satisfactory. Family income and immunization status plays role in malnutrition. So socioeconomic condition should improve and mass immunization programshould be implemented in urban slum areas. DS (Child) H J 2020; 36(1) : 34-38

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompass a wide array of infections, accounting for a vast number of community as well as hospital-acquired infections. Aim of the Study: The aim was to analyse the clinical presentation of UTI in children and Adolescents between 6 year to 18 years of age and to analyse the causative microorganism and their drug susceptibility in urinary tract infection in children and Adolescents of the above age group. Methods: This retrospective was conducted at the Department of Pediatrics in Bangladesh Shishu Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 51 patients were enrolled and analyzed in this study based on culture-positive urine isolates. The study duration was September 2021 to August 2022. The ethical committee of the institution approved the study protocol. Antimicrobial susceptibility was done for positive urine culture by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software version 16. Result: This is a retrospective study; 98 children were enrolled and analyzed. The majority of the study population was aged 6-10 years (62.75%), 11(21.57%) patients were from the age group 11-15 years, and 8(15.69%) patients were from the age group 16-18 years. Conclusion: The most common clinical presentations of UTI in admitted patients are fever, dysuria and abdominal pain. Gram-negative bacilli were found to be responsible for UTI, and the most frequently isolated bacteria were E-coli.