A new Dasycladale is described as Dissocladella? chahtorshiana Rashidi & Schlagintweit n. sp. from Selandian carbonates of Mount Chah Torsh, Central Iran (type locality). Other occurrence is from the Sistan Suture Zone of Eastern Iran (Selandian?, Thanetian?). The medium-sized taxon displays cylindrical to slightly claviform thalli with a relatively large main axis bearing alternating primaries of variable shape. The latter show either slowly widening towards the distal end or are club-shaped displaying very short secondaries. The morphological variability of the primaries, both typical and atypical for Dissocladella, account for some doubts on the generic assignment of the new species. Dissocladella? chahtorshiana occurs in bioclastic packstones with Cymopolia mayaense Johnson & Kaska, Acroporella cf. anceps Segonzac, Halimeda sp., and benthic foraminifera (e.g., soritiids) at its type locality.
Hamulusella sedalanensis represents the type species of the genus Hamulusella Elliott described from the Paleocene of Iraq (type locality) and Iran. Well preserved material from the Paleocene of Iran (East Iran, and Zagros Zone, SWIran), allows a better characterisation of the algal thallus including its ranges of biometric parameters. The thallus of H. sedalanensis consists of superimposed articles each composed of two verticils. This leads to characteristic biverticilate articles after disintegration. This thallus organization challenges the taxonomic status of the Lower Cretaceous H. durandelgai (Fourcade and Jaffrezo), and H. liburnica (Radoicic). The latter is transferred to the genus Aloisalthella Granier due to the alternation of fertile and sterile whorls thus excluding its belonging either to Clypeina Michelin or Hamulusella Elliott. The occurrence of larger benthic foraminifera (LBF) allows the dating of the Iranian specimens to the Selandian–Thanetian. The occurrence of H. sedalanensis in Eocene strata has so far not reliably been evidenced. Among the associated LBF, taxonomic notes on Azzarolina daviesi (Henson) are provided.
Background: The lifestyle and long-term use of communication technologies have led to the prevalence of neck pain and concurrent forward head posture (FHP), Rounded shoulder posture (RSP), and hyperkyphosis (HK) deformities. The present study aimed to determine the effects of the eight-week water–based corrective exercises on FHP, RSP, HK deformities, and neck pain. Methods: After screening the 200 students, 30 students with FHP, RSP and HK were selected. They were assigned randomly to experimental (n=14) and control (n=16) groups. Imaging from lateral view and AutoCAD software were used to evaluate the FHP and RSP angles and HK was measured by flexible ruler. Moreover, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to assess shoulder, and neck pain. These variables were assessed before and after 8-week intervention period. Results: statistical analysis indicated a significant group by time interaction in the FHP (P=0.001), RSP (P=0.001), HK (P=0.001) angels and in terms of the pain (P=0.001) which indicated a decrease in kyphosis and forward head angels, and Rounded shoulder displacement. But no significant decrease was observed in control group measures (all P>0.05). Conclusions: Based on the results, probably performing 8-week corrective exercises in the water environment could have more effect on FHP, RSP, HK angels decreasing and neck and shoulder pain reduction. This corrective exercises protocol can be suggested to professionals in order to correct these concurrent malalignments. Trial registration: The protocols were also registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (Registration no.: IRCT20170615034554N2). https://www.irct.ir/trial/26381. 2018-05-07.
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