Summary
This article proposes a new methodology for Congestion Management (CM) in a deregulated power system based on Generator Rescheduling/Load curtailment. This work utilizes 4 different sensitivity factors derived from the modified Jacobian matrix, used to identify the participating generator and loads for CM effectively. Also, a novel strategy of combining sensitivity factors and bidding costs is employed for selecting the control variables namely generator real power rescheduling, generator voltage adjustment, and load curtailment at selected busses. Next, an Improved Differential Evolution Algorithm (IDE) has been recommended to solve CM with the objective of minimizing Congestion Management Cost (CMC). The standard IEEE 30‐bus system and IEEE 118‐bus system are used to evaluate the proposed scheme, and based on the obtained results, it is shown that the proposed method is superior to the other CM methods reported in the literature.
This paper discusses the design and simulation of a piezo resistance temperature sensor. The sensor was connected according to Wheatstone bridge configuration. The temperature sensor The COMSOL Multiphysics software was used for this study. With a 1µm piezo resistor of the graphene layer and an optimised doping profile of 1016 cm− 3, the simulated sensitivity is 24.90 mV/oC over a temperature range of -90oC to 90oC. The simulated results reveal that the sensitivity significantly depends on the piezo resistor layer thickness, combination of the materials, shape of the diaphragm, and the size of the diaphragm. With the low thermal mass and excellent sensitivity, the suggested temperature sensors based on graphene can be employed in battery health monitoring systems.
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