In this trial, immunonutritional therapy using a nutritional supplement with a high blend ratio of ω-3 fatty acids from 2 weeks before surgery until 2 weeks after surgery was not effective for maintaining the nutritional status of head and neck carcinoma patients.

Although nivolumab, a programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor, is a standard therapy for platinum-refractory recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC), no definitive biomarkers have been reported thus far. This study aimed to select promising prognostic markers in nivolumab therapy and to create a novel prognostic scoring system. In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed patients with R/M HNSCC who were treated with nivolumab from April 2017 to April 2019. We developed a prognostic score for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy that was weighed using hazard ratio-based scoring algorithms. Significant variables were selected from the multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses on overall survival (OS). A total of 85 patients with HNSCC were analyzed in the present study. The relative eosinophil count (REC), the ratio of eosinophil increase (REI), and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) were selected as variables affecting the prognostic score. The patients were divided into four groups: very good (score = 0), good (score = 1), intermediate (score = 2), and poor (score = 3). The OS hazard ratios were 2.77, 10.18, and 33.21 for the good, intermediate, and poor risk groups compared with the very good risk group, respectively. The Eosinophil Prognostic Score is a novel prognostic score that is effective for predicting the prognosis of HNSCC patients treated with nivolumab. This score is more precise as it includes changes in biomarkers before and after the treatment. K E Y W O R D S eosinophils, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, immunotherapy, nivolumab, prognostic factors This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

We investigated whether treatment package time was significantly associated with survival outcomes of resectable locally-advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in patients who consecutively underwent various treatments, including surgery alone and salvage surgery for residual tumor. A total of 100 patients with clinical T3-T4 resectable laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled in this study. The treatment package time was calculated in days between the start of any treatment and the end of all treatments, including postoperative radiotherapy and salvage surgery for residual tumors. Using a log-rank test, a treatment package time of ≥68 days showed significantly shorter cancer-specific (P= 0.0013) and distant metastasis-free survival (P= 0.0017), compared with a treatment package time of <68 days. Multivariate survival analyses of two Cox's hazards proportional models was conducted. In both model-1, which adjusted for cT3/cT4, cN0-1/cN2-3 and total laryngectomy/non-total laryngectomy, and model-2, which adjusted for cT3/cT4, cN0-1/cN2-3 and induction therapy/non-induction therapy, the cancer-specific survival and distant metastasis-free survival, according to treatment package time, were significantly longer with <68 days compared with ≥68 days (P<0.01). The present study demonstrated that a prolonged treatment package time is a prognostic factor for shorter cancer-specific and distant metastasis-free survival after various treatments for resectable locally-advanced laryngeal cancer.

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Aim: To investigate the association between survival outcomes and clinicopathological factors, including pathological restaging based on the UICC8 th , among patients with recurrence differentiated thyroid carcinoma undergoing salvage surgery of local site. Patients and Methods: A total of 54 patients who underwent salvage surgery of local site for recurrence differentiated thyroid carcinoma were enrolled. The optimal cutoff ages at salvage surgery for predicting death and cancer-specific death were determined by receiver operating curve analysis. Overall and cancer-specific survivals were determined using logrank test and Cox's proportional hazards model. Results: Univariate analysis showed that age and the presence of distant metastasis at salvage surgery were significantly associated with overall survival (p=0.01 and p<0.05, respectively) and cancer-specific survival (p=0. 02 and p=0.01, respectively). The optimal cutoff age at salvage surgery for predicting the detection of both death (p=0.01) and cancer-specific death (p=0.02) was 65 years. Multivariate analysis showed that age ≥65 years and the presence of distant metastasis were significantly associated with shorter overall survival (p<0.01 and p=0.03, respectively) and shorter cancer-specific survival (p<0.01 and p=0.01, respectively). Conclusion: Older age and the presence of distant metastasis at salvage surgery of local site were identified as predictors for poor survival outcomes in recurrence differentiated thyroid carcinoma.