<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt; mso-pagination: none;"><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Fifty New York hospitals, 25 urban facilities and 25 rural facilities, were chosen at random for analysis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were examined to determine whether non-operating revenue – contributions, gifts, grants (as defined by IRS, Form 990) – plays an important role in fiscal viability .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Three years of data, 2005 – 2007, for each hospital was selected, and several financial variables were used to construct a fiscal viability index. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a positive difference in the fiscal health of hospitals when the hospitals can solicit more income from non-healthcare/non-operating activities in the form of outside gifts and grants.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Another main purpose of this study was to determine which hospital sector, if any – urban vs. rural – is more dependent upon non-operating revenues for their fiscal viability.</span></span></p>
This study applies computerized content analysis techniques, including term frequency analysis, readability index, and cosine similarity, to compare the U.S. versus international ethics codes for professional accountants. It reveals and compares new characteristics of these ethics codes. The U.S. ethics code is found to be less readable but more reflective of moral values concerning social order. The international ethics code emphasizes the independence and confidentiality principles, while the U.S. ethics code emphasizes independence and responsibilities. There are more similarities within the U.S. ethics code and within the international ethics code than between these ethics codes.
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Seventy-three New York hospitals were examined to determine if a difference existed between hospitals with nursing unions versus those without as it pertains to fiscal viability and quality of care.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Several financial variables were used to construct a fiscal viability index; and a quality index was created from selected mortality and procedural measures that may be used to measure specific aspects of institutional care.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The premise that the union status of a hospital’s nursing staff will influence fiscal viability and quality is based on the impact that unionization may have on staffing and cost per patient.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The literature is replete with studies that assess the relationship between nurse staffing levels and quality.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In some cases there is a clear and compelling relationship, but in others, it is indeterminate. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Utilizing union status, selected employee variables, and financial and quality of care indices, four statistical models were prepared to explain these the interaction of these variables <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 34.2pt 0pt 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Seventy-three New York hospitals were examined to determine if a relationship between age of assets, fiscal viability and quality of care existed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These factors were examined for 2002 for each of the hospitals selected.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Several financial variables were used to construct a fiscal viability index; and a quality index was created from selected mortality outcomes and procedural measures that may be used to measure specific aspects of institutional care.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The premise that age of assets and fiscal viability will influence quality is gleaned from the Donabedian Model in which he proposed three domains important to the quality of health care.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Utilizing both the financial and quality of care indices, the following statistical models were prepared: Effect of asset age on fiscal viability index, Effect of asset age on individual fiscal viability measures, and Effect of asset age and fiscal viability index on quality index<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></p>
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