Thirty-two human brain tumours were investigated for the presence of papovavirus-related RNA sequences. Radiolabelled viral DNAs isolated from SV40, BKV, HDV, and BPV were hybridized in-situ on to tumour kryostat sections under conditions that detect complementary RNA. SV40-related RNA was detectable in 34% of all tumours tested but was not found in normal human brain tissue. SV40-positive tumours included 1/1 angiofibroma, 1/4 astrocytomas, 2/4 metastatic brain tumours, 1/1 melanoma, 3/7 meningiomas, 2/4 neurinomas, 1/2 oligodendrogliomas. Bovine papilloma virus-, BKV-, and HDV-related RNAs were absent from all tissues tested. The presence of SV40-related nucleic acids in a large number of human neurogenic tumours may reflect a viral involvement in the etiology of these tumours.
MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals. BDIX rats (9) used in the experiments came from a colony which has been maintained as a closed brother-sister-mated colony for more than 2 years at the Max-Planck-Institute for Brain Research in Cologne, Germany. Athymic nude mice (BALB/c nu/nu) were obtained specific pathogen-free from Bomholtgard, Ry, Denmark. Virus propagation and purification. Human Adl2, Huie strain, and Ad2 were propagated in sus-423
Considerable progress has been made in the past few years elucidating the molecular mechanisms of cytokine signalling. The interferons (IFNs) have provided a singular system allowing the detailed characterization of a specific cytokine signalling pathway. Studies on the IFN signal transduction pathway have identified protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) that phosphorylate signal transducers (STATs) which then bind to DNA promoter sequences and activate gene transcription. Related work has shown that JAKs and STATs are also activated in response to a variety of the cytokines. Thus the novel type of signal transduction pathway identified for the IFNs promises to be more widely utilized than anticipated.
Thirty two human tumours, mainly neurogenic, have been investigated for the presence of adenovirus-related RNA sequences. 3H-labelled tumour virus DNA probes derived from human adenoviruses types 2 and 12, bovine adenovirus type 3, and avian adenovirus CELO were hybridized in-situ on tumour kryostat sections under conditions that detect complementary RNA. Tumour virus-related RNA was detected in 62% of all tumours tested, but was not detectable in normal human brain tissues. Expression of tumour virus-related RNA was found in 2/4 astrocytomas, 2/4 metastatic brain carcinomas, 2/2 glioblastomas, 1/1 melanoma, 5/7 meningiomas, 4/4 neurinomas, 1/2 oligodendrogliomas, and 1/1 rhabdomyosarcoma. The presence of adenovirus-related RNA in the majority of human neurogenic tumours may reflect a viral involvement in the pathogenesis of these tumours.
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