efeito protetivo em benefício de terceiros. Neste contexto, a história e a dogmática dessas duas responsabilidades gerais foram detalhadamente descritas, com referência aos aspectos da jurisdição, jurisprudência e legislação. Especial atenção foi dada à explicação da origem da culpa in contrahendo por um dos mais populares juristas alemães, Rudolph v. Jhering, que se refere a partes do Direito Romano. Em seguida, mostrou-se que nem a culpa in contrahendo, nem o contrato com efeito protetivo em benefício de terceiros, indubitavelmente justifica uma responsabilidade das agências de rating frente aos investidores de capital. Como medidas apropriadas referentes à responsabilidade das agên-cias de rating não estão disponíveis em todos os Estados Membros, em maio de 2013 a União Europeia editou uma responsabilidade das agências de rating por notações inadequadas frente a investidores, com aplicação em toda a Europa.
ABSTRACT: The paper deals with the liability of rating agencies and especially with the non-contractual li-ability resulting from fault in conclusion of a contract (culpa in contrahendo), and from a con-tract with protective effect to the benefit of third parties. In this context, the history and the dogmatic of these two general liabilities are being outlined in detail, with reference to the as-pects of jurisdiction, jurisprudence, and legislation. Special attention is being paid to the explication of the origin of culpa in contrahendo by one of the most popular German legal scholars, Rudolph v. Jhering, who refers to parts of the Roman law. Then, it is shown that neither the culpa in contrahendo, nor the contract with protective effect to the benefit of third parties, undoubtedly justify a liability of rating agencies toward capital investors. As appropriate measures on the liability of rating agencies are not available in all member states, in May 2013 the European Union Europe-wide has issued a liability of rating agencies for inadequate rat-ings toward investors.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE:
Die deutsche Kolonialgeschichte und das deutsche Kolonialrecht haben im rechtsge schichtlichen Bereich, anders als im Bereich der Allgemeingeschichte oder der Politikwis senschaft, seit dem Ende des 2. Weltkriegs kaum eine Rolle gespielt. Erst in letzter Zeit wächst das Interesse an diesem Thema. Neben einigen eher allgemein gehaltenen Abhand lungen 2 sind in den vergangenen zehn Jahren einige-auch historische-gründliche Arbeiten zu Spezialfragen des deutschen Kolonialrechts in einzelnen Kolonien (völker rechtliche Fragen 3 , Fragen der Gerichtsverfassung 4 , des Straf-5 , Steuer-6 und Arbeits rechts 7) entstanden. Die nachstehenden Ausführungen enthalten keine abschließende Dar-2 4 5 6 7 Die Abhandlung hat einen Vortmg zum Ausgangspunkt, den der Verfasser vor einigen Jahren im Max-Planck-Institut für europäische Rechtsgeschichte, Frankfurt, gehalten hat.
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