Madelung deformity is a common finding in various conditions affecting the wrist, with characteristic changes in the radius, carpus and ulna, the most characteristic being the triangular configuration of the carpal and the ulnar inclination of the distal radial epiphysis. It can be seen on simple radiography, computed tomography or magnetic resonance. As radiologists, we must know the currently recommended criteria, having it present for early diagnosis in young patients, or when the deformity is already established in older patients.
The nutcracker esophagus, also known as corkscrew esophagus, describes the abnormally segmented appearance of the esophagus in cases of esophageal spasm, displayed in the double contrast study. Normally the primary peristalsis extends through the esophagus like a coordinated contraction and relaxation wave. In the esophageal spasm multiple segments contract simultaneously and there is an alteration of the normal relaxation. Symptoms include chest pain, dysphagia, or both.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.