Substituting Cd 2؉ ions into the A and B sites in alead, strontium, etc., is located on the A site; the other, including manganese, iron, zinc, cobalt, nickel, magnesium, etc., may Pb(Ni 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 -PbZrO 3 -PbTiO 3 (PNN-PZ-PT) ternary perovskite material made it possible to determine the effects be located on the B site in a complex perovskite. Based on ionic radius, the Cd 2ϩ ion is located on the boundary between the two of the Cd 2؉ ion substitution site on sintering behavior. The substitution site of the Cd 2؉ ion was identified by using groups 7 and, thus, can be substituted for the A-site Pb 2ϩ ion and the B-site Ni 2ϩ ion. Some examples of this phenomenon are X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra. Although Cd 2؉ ions were substituted into the A and B sites in PNN-PZ-PT, CdTiO 3 , Cd(Ni 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 , Pb(Cd 1⁄3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 , and Ba(Cd 1/3 -Nb 2/3 )O 3 , which have a perovskite structure and ferroelectric the Cd 2؉ ions preferred the A site over the B site. When Cd 2؉ ions replaced Pb 2؉ ions, a weight gain was observed properties. Because the ionic radius of the Cd 2ϩ ion is smaller than those of the Pb 2ϩ or Ba 2ϩ ions, CdTiO 3 has low symmetry during sintering. On the other hand, replacing Ni 2؉ ions with Cd 2؉
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