The aim of the study was to determine the effect of applied herbicides and growth regulators on the airborne limitation of dry weed mass and the total yield of three edible potato varieties. The field experiment was established as two-factor in a (split-plot) system in three replications. The experiment examined: I factor -three moderately early varieties of edible potato: Bartek, Gawin, Honorata. II factor -five ways of using herbicides and bio-stimulants: 1. control object: mechanical care 2. Harrier 295 ZC herbicide at a dose of 2.0 dm 3 ·ha -1 , 3. Harrier 295 ZC herbicide at a dose of 2.0 dm 3 ·ha -1 and then after the plant rises the Kelpak SL bioregulator twice at a dose of 2.0 dm 3 ·ha -1 , 4. Sencor 70 WG herbicide at a dose of 1.0 kg·ha -1 , 5. Sencor 70 WG herbicide and then after the plant rises the Asahi SL bio-stimulant twice at a dose of 1.0 dm 3 ·ha -1 . The obtained test results showed that the smallest dry weed mass determined in both research dates was obtained using Harrier 295 ZC herbicide and Kelpak SL growth biostimulant (0.7 g·m -2 and 3.1 g·m -2 ), while the largest in the control object (15.1 and 64.7 g·m -2 ), respectively. The total yield of potato tubers depended on both the types of herbicides and bio-stimulants used and the varieties cultivated in the experiment. However, the weather conditions which varied in particular years significantly influenced both the size of the air-dried mass of weeds and the total yield of potato tubers.
The objective of the study was to determine the effect of biostimulants and herbicides on the level of glycoalkaloids in leaves and tubers of three table potato cultivars. The following factors were examined: I -potato cultivars: Bartek, Gawin, Honorata; II -five weed control methods (application of biostimulants and herbicides: 1. mechanical weed control -control treatment and four herbicide or herbicide + biostimulant treatments (Harrier 295 ZC, Harrier 295 ZC + Kelpak SL, Sencor 70 WG, Sencor 70 WG + Asahi SL). The potato tuber content of glycoalkaloids was significantly affected by genotype. The highest total glycoalkaloid (TGA) content was determined in cv. Bartek tubers and the lowest in cv. Honorata tubers, on average 92.31 and 91.14 mg/kg fresh matter, respectively. Herbicides applied alone or in combination with biostimulants contributed to an increase in glycoalkaloids determined in both potato leaves and tubers, compared with the control. However, a significantly higher TGA content was found following the application of Harrier 295 ZC only.Keywords: plant resistance; toxicity; weather conditions; tuberous crop; Solanum tuberosum L. 256Vol. 62, 2016, No. 6: 256-260 Plant Soil Environ. Field studies were conducted in soils representing the following type of agricultural land: grey brown podzolic soil of ploughed fields belonging to agronomic category I, the order of brown soils, quality class IVb which represents the rye very good class of agricultural suitability. In 2012 and 2013, soil pH was slightly acidic (5.60) whereas in 2014 it was alkaline (7.35). The organic matter content ranged from 15.0-18.7 g/kg. The available phosphorus (P) content ranged from high to very high, available potassium (K) content ranged from average to very high, and available magnesium (Mg) content was high. Winter wheat crops preceded table potato in each study year. The same organic manuring and mineral fertilisation were applied: 25 t/ha farmyard manure as well as 100 kg/ha N, 44 kg P/ha and 125 kg K/ha. Samples of potato leaves (10 leaves) for chemical analyses were taken during the flowering stage. Potato tuber samples (50 tubers) were collected from the plots during harvest and stored at 10-12°C. Chemical analyses of fresh material were performed so as to obtain three replicates. Glycoalkaloid contents of potato leaves and tubers were determined following the Bergers' method (Bergers 1980). Results of the study were analysed by ANOVA. Significance of sources of variation was checked with the Fisher-Snedecor test and the significance of differences between means was tested using the multiple comparison Tukey's test at the significance level of P = 0.05. Statistical calculations were performed in Excel using own algorithm based on the mathematical model. Values of the Sielianinov's hydrothermal coefficient (K = 0.95) indicate that the year 2012 was slightly dry (Table 1). The precipitation sum amounted to 264.9 mm and was by 10.6 mm lower than the long-term mean whereas the average temperature over the growing...
The study results were obtained from a field experiment conducted in 2012-2014 in Wojnów. The two factor experiment was set up in the split-plot system in triplicate. The investigated factors were: I -three varieties of edible potato: Bartek, Gawin and Honorata. II -five ways of care: 1. Harrier herbicide 295 ZC -2.0 dm 3 •ha -1 ; 2. Harrier herbicide 295 ZC -2.0 dm 3 •ha -1 with the biostimulator Kelpak SL -4.0 dm 3 •ha -1 ; 3. Sencor herbicide 70 WG -1.0 kg•ha -1 ; 4. Sencor herbicide 70 WG -1.0 kg•ha -1 with the biostimulator Asahi SL -1.5 dm 3 •ha -1 ; 5. The control object -mechanical care. The content of zinc and copper and their collection with the yield of tubers significantly depended on the ways of care, genetic factor and climatic conditions in the years of the study. In the objects (2, 4) where herbicides were used with biostimulators, a greater concentration of zinc was obtained in relation to the control object and the remaining (3, 5) in which only herbicides were used. The applied care methods did not affect the content of copper in the analysed tubers. The greatest collection of zinc an copper with the yield of tubers was obtained in the objects: where the mixture of the Sencor herbicide 70 WG -1.0 kg•ha -1 was used with the biostimulator Asahi SL -1.5 dm 3 ha -1 and herbicide Sencor 70 WG in a dose of -1.0 kg •ha -1 .
A field experiment was carried out in the Agricultural Experimental Station Zawady (52°03' N; 22°33'E), owned by the Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in [2005][2006][2007]. The research was designed as a two factors randomized block with three replicates. The factors examined in the experiment included two potato varieties -Irga and Balbina and four weed control methods combined mechanical and chemical for herbicides application: Plateen 41,5 WG (metribuzin + flufenacet), Racer 250 EC (fluorochloridone), Sencor 70 WG (metribuzin), and control objectmechanical weeding before and after potato sprouting. The study was designed to test the influence of weed control methods on nitrates content in consumption potato tubers. The nitrates (V) content depended on the weed control methods, varieties and weather conditions throughout the growing season. The highest nitrates (V) content was determined when weeds were controlled mechanically and chemically using Sencor 70 WG. The study results demonstrated that Balbina had a higher concentration of nitrates (V) compared with Irga.
Wyniki badań pochodzą z doświadczenia polowego przeprowadzonego w latach 2008–2010 w Rolniczej Stacji Doświadczalnej należącej do Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczo-Humanistycznego w Siedlcach. Doświadczenie założono metodą losowanych podbloków jako dwuczynnikowe w trzech powtórzeniach. Czynnikiem I rzędu były odmiany ziemniaka: Cekin, Satina, Tajfun, czynnikiem II rzędu — sposoby odchwaszczania z udziałem herbicydów i ich mieszanin: Command 480 EC, Command 480 EC i Afalon Dyspersyjny 450 SC, Stomp 400 SC, Stomp 400 SC i Afalon Dyspersyjny 450 SC oraz obiekt kontrolny — pielęgnacja mechaniczna. Objawy parcha zwykłego oceniano w 9-stopniowej skali na 100 bulwach pobranych losowo z poszczególnych obiektów doświadczenia. Badania dowiodły, że zastosowane sposoby odchwaszczania z udziałem herbicydów w istotny sposób wpłynęły na ograniczenie występowania parcha zwykłego na bulwach oraz na średni stopień porażenia próby i średni stopień porażenia bulw porażonych.
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