Digital
inkjet printing on high-class wool textiles is in line
with the trend, but the challenge such as reducing the impact of wool
scales on print quality is still worth of attention. In this study,
a novel environment-friendly method was applied to wool inkjet printing
pretreatment without any generation of hazardous substances. H2O2 and papain were adopted to pretreat wool fabric
before the inkjet printing process. Both the wettability and zeta
potential of the treated fabric were improved obviously. Moreover,
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy spectra and X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy spectra proved the synergistic effect of H2O2 and papain where the oxidation of wool by H2O2 provided more sites for papain to hydrolyze wool peptide.
The synergistic pretreatment produces additional sites for reactive
dye fixation. As a result, the treated wool obtained higher color
strength which greatly exceeds that of the untreated wool, and there
is no discharge of harmful substances during the whole process. This
work provided a promising direction for decreasing the discharge of
harmful substances and improving the utilization rate of dye solution
to achieve cleaner production.
Ordered ZnFe2O4nanotube arrays with the average outer diameter of 100 nm were prepared in porous anodic aluminum oxide template using an improved sol-gel approach. The morphology was studied by transmission electron and field emission scanning electron microscope. X-ray diffraction result shows that the nanotubes were polycrystalline in structure. The magnetic properties of the prepared ZnFe2O4nanotubes were also studied. The results show that the sample shows typical superparamagnetism at room temperature and obvious ferromagnetism below blocking temperature.
An ultra-dense network (UDN) can increase the system throughput by deploying a mass of low-power nodes and can greatly increase the spectral efficiency and energy efficiency at local hot spots. However, due to the random deployment of a large number of base stations (BSs), severe inter-cell interference may occur, which hinders the development of resource allocation technology, especially on the computational complexity. In this paper, we propose a quality of service (QoS)-based cross-tier cooperation transmission scheme over the UDN. In order to mitigate the interference and improve the entire network throughput, a non-convex problem is formulated. To solve this problem, first, we define the cooperation signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) threshold that represents the ratio of transmission power of macro BS and SBS, and we utilize the stochastic geometry theory to analyze the effect of cooperation SINR threshold on the number of user equipment. Then, we use the dedicated channel to decrease the cross-tier interference according to the fractional frequency refused mechanism. To reduce the computational complexity, this resource allocation scheme is divided into two parts, i.e., subcarrier allocation and power allocation, and we also consider the QoS requirement. The simulation results verify that our proposed scheme has better performance than the other two existing algorithms while QoS is guaranteed. INDEX TERMS Cross-tier cooperation, dedicated channel, quality of service (QoS), system throughput, ultra-dense network.
Fault-tolerant Manhattan routing algorithms aim at finding a Manhattan path between the source and destination nodes and route around all faulty nodes. However, besides faulty nodes, some nonfaulty nodes that are helpless to make up a fault-tolerant Manhattan path should also be routed around. How to label such nonfaulty nodes efficiently is a major challenge. We propose a path-counter method. It can label such nodes with low time-complexity by counting every node’s fault-tolerant Manhattan paths to the source or destination node. During the path-counting procedure, no available nodes will be sacrificed under arbitrary fault distribution. Compared with fault-block model based work, our proposed method is independent of fault distribution, so its computational complexity is very low.
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