Bus arrival prediction has important implications for public travel, urban dispatch, and mitigation of traffic congestion. The factors affecting urban traffic conditions are complex and changeable. As the predicted distance increases, the difficulty of traffic prediction becomes more difficult. Forecast based on historical data responds quite slowly for changes under the short-term conditions, and vehicle prediction based on real-time speed is not sufficient to predict under long-term conditions. Therefore, an arrival prediction method based on temporal vector and another arrival prediction method based on spatial vector is proposed to solve the problems of remote dependence of bus arrival and road incidents, respectively. In this paper, combining the advantages of the two prediction models, this paper proposes a long short-term memory (LSTM) and Artificial neural networks (ANN) comprehensive prediction model based on spatialtemporal features vectors. The long-distance arrival-to-station prediction is realized from the dimension of time feature, and the short-distance arrival-to-station prediction is realized from the dimension of spatial feature, thereby realizing the bus-to-station prediction. Besides, experiments were conducted and tested based on the entity dataset, and the result shows that the proposed method has high accuracy among bus arrival prediction problems. INDEX TERMS Artificial neural networks, bus arrival prediction, LSTM, spatial-temporal feature vector.

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As one of the most powerful neural networks, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is widely used in natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Meanwhile, the BiLSTM-CRF model is one of the most popular models for named entity recognition (NER), and many state-of-the-art models for NER are based on it. In this paper, we propose a new residual BiLSTM model and perform it with a conditional random field (CRF) layer together on NER tasks. Based on the most popular BiLSTM-CRF model, we replace the BiLSTM with our residual BiLSTM blocks to encode words or characters. We evaluate our model on Chinese and English datasets. We utilize both word2vec and BERT to generate word or character vectors. Furthermore, we conduct experiments to compare the performance of NER by using different structures of residual blocks. The experimental results show that our model can improve the performance of both Chinese and English NER effectively without introducing any external knowledge.