We demonstrate the polarization mode selection and the dependence of coupling efficiency on polarization state of pump light for an optofluidic ring resonator (OFRR) laser. An optical fiber is chosen to serve as the ring resonator and surrounded by rhodamine 6G dye solution of lower refractive index as the fluidic gain medium. When the ring resonator is pumped by a linearly s-polarized laser, the emitted whispering gallery mode (WGM) lasing is of parallel polarization (TM mode), while p-polarized laser excitation generates a vertically polarized lasing emission (TE mode), both TM and TE mode lasing emission coexist simultaneously if the ring resonator is pumped by the s- and p-mixed polarized light. Further investigation reveals that the lasing intensity of the TM mode is approximately twice that of the TE mode for the same pump energy density, meaning an obvious difference of coupling efficiency on the polarization state of pump light; the experimental results of coupling efficiency are well explained by an induced dipole model.

BackgroundLeptin may have important implications in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)-related metabolic disorders. However, the changes in serum leptin levels in patients with PCOS and its predictive value for PCOS remain obscure. We intend to analyze the association between leptin and PCOS in this study.Materials and MethodsThe study comprised 89 patients with PCOS and 139 individuals without PCOS. Each group was stratified as either normal- or hyper-fasting serum insulin (FSI), and lean or overweight/obese; and the patients were further categorized as normal- or hyper-androgenic. The validity of leptin toward the diagnosis of PCOS, or leptin combined with total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and free testosterone was estimated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and correlations between paired variables was estimated by Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Associations between the clinical and metabolic variables and PCOS were analyzed via logistic regression.ResultsThe serum leptin levels of patients with PCOS were significantly higher than that of the control, and especially the PCOS in hyper-FSI, hyperandrogenimic and overweight/obese subgroups. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of leptin was 74%, with cutoff value, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) 11.58 ng/mL, 77.5%, 62.6%, 57.0%, and 81.3%, respectively. Combined leptin and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) had the highest AUC (92.3%), excellent sensitivity (93.3%), moderate specificity (78.3%), PPV (73.5%) and NPV (94.8%). Serum leptin levels of the patients were correlated with the FSI, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), body mass index (BMI), and total testosterone levels. Elevated serum leptin was associated with a high risk of PCOS [P = 0.015; OR (95% CI) 1.128 (1.024–1.244)].ConclusionSubstantially elevated serum leptin is significantly associated with PCOS. These findings warrant further investigations into the function of leptin in the pathogenesis of PCOS.

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway plays an essential role in glucose metabolism, promoting glycolysis and resisting gluconeogenesis. PI3K/AKT signaling can directly alter glucose metabolism by phosphorylating several metabolic enzymes or regulators of nutrient transport. It can indirectly promote sustained aerobic glycolysis by increasing glucose transporters and glycolytic enzymes, which are mediated by downstream transcription factors. E3 ubiquitin ligase RING-finger proteins are mediators of protein post-translational modifications and include the cullin-RING ligase complexes, the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated family, the tripartite motif family and etc. Some members of the RING family play critical roles in regulating cell signaling and are involved in the development and progression of various metabolic diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. And with the progression of modern research, as a negative or active regulator, the RING-finger adaptor has been found to play an indispensable role in PI3K/AKT signaling. However, no reviews have comprehensively clarified the role of RING-finger E3 ligases in PI3K/AKT-mediated glucose metabolism. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the regulation and function of RING ligases in PI3K/AKT-mediated glucose metabolism to establish new insights into the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases.

Composites are macroscopic combinations of chemically dissimilar materials preferred for new high-tech applications where mechanical performance is an area of interest. Mechanical apprehensions chiefly include tensile, creep, and fatigue loadings; each loading comprises different modes. Fatigue is cyclic loading correlated with stress amplitude and the number of cycles while defining the performance of a material. Composite materials are subject to various modes of fatigue loading during service life. Such loadings cause micro invisible to severe visible damage affecting the material’s performance. Mode I fatigue crack propagates via opening lamina governing a visible tear. Recently, there has been an increasing concern about finding new ways to reduce delamination failure, a life-reducing aspect of composites. This review focuses on mode I fatigue behaviours of various preforms and factors determining failures considering different reinforcements with respect to fibres and matrix failures. Numerical modelling methods for life prediction of composites while subjected to fatigue loading are reviewed. Testing techniques used to verify the fatigue performance of composite under mode I load are also given. Approaches for composites’ life enhancement against mode I fatigue loading have also been summarized, which could aid in developing a well-rounded understanding of mode I fatigue behaviours of composites and thus help engineers to design composites with higher interlaminar strength.

The Blinking jamming is the intentional and deliberate transmission or retransmission of amplitude, frequency, phase, or otherwise modulated intermittent or pulse signals for the purpose of misleading in the interpretation or use of information by electronic systems. In this paper, it is shown how blinking jamming affects angular resolution of monopulse radar seeker. The analysis is divided to single point and double points according to the Jammingto-signal ratio .The line-of-sight of the seeker in proportion to jamming-to-signal ratio. The expression from line-of-sight angle to the antenna is obtained. The simulation shows that the resolution angle increases with the jamming power increasing.

Background Cell-free DNA, a suitable candidate biomarker forming an emerging field of non-invasive evaluation, has been detected for great clinical applications and increasingly used in obstetrics and gynecology. Objective To describe an intuitive global research trends of cfDNA related literature from a bibliometric perspective, and provide researchers with new research hotspots. Search strategy The literature form PubMed and Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database related to cfDNA from January 1 2017 to December 31 2021 were extracted for co-word and VOSviewer analysis, respectively. Study criteria We selected studies where cfDNA was applied for obstetrics and gynecology, i.e., prenatal diagnosis, preimplantation diagnosis, next generation sequencing technology, mosaicism detection or adverse pregnancy outcomes. Data collection and analysis Bibliographic Item Co-Occurrence Matrix Builder, gCLUTO software and VOSviewer were used to perform bibliometrics analysis. Main results Themes in the third quadrant of strategy diagram, including cell-free nucleic acid sequence analysis for non-invasive prenatal testing and genetic testing, the application of cfDNA in the fields of neoplasms genetics and diagnosis are immature themes which are considered newly emerging themes of cfDNA. VOSviewer results showed the global research trends of cfDNA including authors, institutions, countries, journals and research hotspots. Conclusion By analyzing the research hotspots related to cfDNA, immature themes and emerging hotspots deserve more attention and can be considered as hints when launching new research projects. The five major research hotspots could provide an insight into cfDNA research and valuable information for researchers to identify potential collaborators and partner institutions.

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In order to improve the precison and the speed of passive localization ,as well as meet the high applicable values requirements, a passive localization algorithm based on the Unscented Kalman Filtering is proposed. The main idea is to use the Filtering algorithm to solve the sensor information fusion problems; and utlize the Unscented Kalman Filtering algorithm to eliminate the gauss noise of the nonlinear state-space equations, thus achieving fast and high-precision localization .Simulation results show that the algorithm has good feasibility, high precision, high speed and high applicable values.